【導讀】ofAnglo-Saxon.Inthe7thC,7kingdomsco-existed.Inthe8thC,Wessexbecamea. England.Britaincame.Englishpeople.serious.notableinthispoem.

　　

【正文】 gainst God. Though weaker in force, he remains superior in nobility. He weles his defeat and his torments as a glory, a liberty and a joy.(spirit of revolution) B. Satan is the spirit questioning the authority of God. 2) God God is a selfish despot, surrounded by his angels who are eternally singing his praises. His angels are silly. He is cruel and unjust in the fight against Satan. 3) Adam and Eve They embody the powers of man. Their strong and insatiable desire for knowledge, mon to all Renaissance humanists, es to conflict with submissions to God’s will. The curiosity for knowledge opens a wide road to an intelligent and active life. Literary Features: Miltonic The epic is written in blank verse. characteristics: 1） Blank verse used here is the long and sometimes seemingly interminable sentence construction, so that a passage goes on and on, and the meaning is suspended and not pleted, till the end of the sentence es with the period. This way makes the verse sound oratorical , logical and picturesque. 2) Pauses may e almost anywhere in a line of verse, breaking the monotony of the pause falling inevitable at the close of a line. Milton’s Contribution: 1. He is the greatest poet and pamphleteer during the bourgeois revolution in the mid17th century as well as the greatest author of Puritanism. 2. The beauty in the verse form, together with the great significance of the humanist, revolutionary ideas contained, makes Paradise Lost estimated the greatest epic in the English language. He and Shakespeare have always been regarded as two patterns of English Verse. 3. He is a master of blank verse. He first used blank verse in nondramatic works. Paradise Lost the only generally acknowledged epic in English literature since Beowulf. The conflict is between human love and spiritual duty. The freedom of the will is the keystone of Milton’ s creed(綱領(lǐng) ). Take from the Old Testament, the theme is the “ Fall of Man” : Satan rebel against God and are driven from Heaven. He determined to revenge by seduce(引誘 ) Adam and Eve to eat the fruit from the Tree of Knowledge against God’ s instructions. So, Adam and Eve are exiled by God from the paradise. John Bunyan 班揚 REAING: The Vanity Fair 名利場 an excerpt form The Pilgrim’ s Progress (天路歷程 ) The Pilgrim39。s Progress, a religious allegory(寓言 ), its purpose is to urge people to abide by Christian doctrines and seek salvation(拯救 ) through constant struggles with their own weaknesses and all kinds of social evils. Its predominant metaphor – life as a journey The Pilgrim’s Progress: an allegory A tale in verse or prose in which characters, actions, or settings represent abstract ideas or moral qualities. Thus an allegory is a story with two meanings, a literal meaning and a symbolic meaning. The most famous allegory in English literature is John Bunyan’s The Pilgrim’s Progress. Bunyan’s hero, Christian, makes a journey to the Celestial city, during which he meets such characters as Hope, Shame, and Despair. The symbolic meaning of the journey is the search for spiritual salvation. The Pilgrim’ s Progress: its theme The allegory depicts the Puritan struggle for freedom of worship, the eternal struggle of man to find unity with God. is the most successful religious allegory in the English language. Its purpose is to urge people to abide by Christian doctrines and seek salvation through constant struggles with their own weaknesses and all kinds of social evils. 2. The satires in the book are centered upon the ruling class. Bunyan revealed a realistic picture of the moral depravity of the ruling class. Point of View 1. Religiously, Bunyan was a devout Christian. He insisted that Biblical doctrines be the best way of life and everyone be entitled to understand Bible in his own way. He believed that man’ s final salvation could be achieved only by one’ s own spiritual struggle. 2. Politically, Bunyan had a deep hatred for the corrupted and hypocritical rich who accumulated their wealth by hook and by crook (illegal way). He eulogized the truthseeking Chrisitan, who was a symbol of the virtuous mon people. Literature Features Bunyan makes his style after that of English Bible. Thus his language is concrete, living and colloquial. He adopts the allegorical form in telling history, but his presentation is true to life. The Eighteenth Century （ 16881798） The Neoclassical Period 新古典主義時期 : 16601798 with the publication of Lyrical ballads by Wordsworth and Coleridge Historical background: ? After the Glorious Revolution, the power passed from the king gradually to the parliament and cabi ministers. ? British Monarchs in the 18th century Stuart Dynasty Mary II and William III(16881694, 1702) Anne (17021714) Hanoverian Dynasty Gee I (17141727) Gee II (17271760) Gee III (17601820) Enclosure Acts of Enclosure were putting more lands into the hands of fewer privileged landowners and forcing thousands of small farmers and tenants off their land to bee wage earners industrial towns. 2. The Industrial Revolution It was a gradual process of change from ” cottage industries” to factory manufacturing 3. Overseas expansion Britain occupied a vast expansion of colonies in Asia, Africa and North America. Cultural Background ? 1. Enlighten Movement 啟蒙運動 A progressive intellectual movement Enlightenment thinkers such as Voltaire, Montesquieu, Locke, Hobbes, and Rousseau believed that world was an object of study and that people could understand and control the world by means of reason and empirical research. The celebration of reason, the power by which man understands the universe and improves his own condition They claimed that the individual was the basic unit of social an