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【正文】 詞 (人 )+受格關(guān)系代名詞 whom +主詞 +動詞 +(介系詞 ) ※口語中 , 受格關(guān)代 whom 也可用 who 代替。 例： 1. The man is a teacher. She married him. → The man whom / who she married is a teacher. (她嫁的對象是位老師。 ) 2. The woman has just left the office. You want to see her. → The woman whom / who you want to see has just left the office. (那位你要見的女人剛剛離開辦公室。 ) (2)受格 which→ 先行詞 (事物；動物 )+受格關(guān)系代名詞 which +主詞 +動詞 + (介系詞 ) 例： 1. Here is a magazine. I borrowed it from Miss Wang. → Here is a magazine which I borrowed from Miss Wang. (這里有一本我向王老師借的雜志。 ) 2. Remember the advice. I gave you the advice. → Remember the advice which I gave you. (記得我給你的忠告。 ) (3)受格 that→ 先行詞 (人；事物；動物 )+受格關(guān)系代名詞 that +主詞 +動詞 +(介系詞 ) 例： 1. The little girl is very cute. My dad is talking to her. → The little girl that / whom / who my dad is talking to is very cute. (正和我爸聊天的小女孩非常可愛。 ) 2. The sandwiches that / which we ate for lunch were not delicious. (我們午餐吃的三明治不好吃 。 ) 特別注意的關(guān)系代名詞 (1)受格的關(guān)系代名詞可省略 例： Soccer is the sport which / that I like (the) best. → Soccer is the sport I like (the )best. (足球是我最喜歡的運動。 ) (2)介系詞 +受格關(guān)系代名詞 例： 1. The woman whom / that you are speaking of is our principal. → The woman you are speaking of is our principal. → The woman of whom you are speaking is our principal.(你提到的女人是我們的校長。 ) ※介系詞放關(guān)系代名詞前 , 關(guān)代不可用 that, 也不可省略。 2. The train which / that I am waiting for is now half an hour late. → The train lam waiting for is now half an hour late. → The train for which I am waiting is now half an hour late. (我在等的這班火車現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)誤點半小時了 。 ) (3)關(guān)系代名詞只用 that 先行詞前有最高級 例 ： Today is the coldest day (that) we39。ve ever experienced. (今天是我們經(jīng)歷過最寒冷的一天。 ) 先行詞前有序數(shù) 例 ： Kenny was the first boy that rushed out of the classroom. (肯尼是首位沖出教室的男孩 ) 先行詞為人、事物或動物同時出現(xiàn) 例： Take a look at the boy and his dog that are ing this way. (看看朝這邊走來的男孩和他的狗。 ) 先行詞前有疑問詞 who(誰 )、 which(哪一個 ) 例： l. Who that has seen the photos of starving children does not want to help them? (在看過那些受饑餓的小孩照片之后有誰不想幫助他們的嗎 ?) 2. Which was the bag that you left in the train? (你遺留的火車上的袋子是那一個？ ) 先行詞 有 all, no, every, any, ?? thing, ?? one 例： 1. All (that) / What students have to do is (to) study hard. (學(xué)生必須做的事就是用功讀書。 ) 2. She has everything that a woman could wish for. (她擁有每樣身為女人渴望擁有的東西。 ) 先行詞前有 the only, the same, the very 例： l. He was the only one that trusted me. (他是唯一相信我的人。 ) 2. This is the very novel that I39。ve looked for. (這正是我一直在找的小說。 ) ※口訣： 1. 最高級、序數(shù)、人 +物、避免重復(fù)。 2. all, no, every, any, the?? (4)限定用法及非限定用法 限定用法 → 對先行詞的內(nèi)容加以限定 例： They had two daughters who became actresses. (他們有兩位當(dāng)了演員的女兒 。 ) → 句中未提到女兒的總數(shù) 非限定用法 → 對先行 詞不加限定 , 僅有使句子連貫的功能 例： They had two daughters, who became actresses. (他們有兩位女兒 , 都當(dāng)了演員。 ) → 明確地表明只有兩位女兒 比較： 限定 1. 沒有逗號 2. 可用 that 代替 3. 受格關(guān)代可省略 The old man has a son who/that lives in Taipei. → 不只一個兒子 非限定 1. 有逗號 2. 不可用 that 代替 3. 關(guān)代不可省略 The old man has a son, who lives in Taipei. → 只有一個兒子 例： 1. I, who am your best friend, certainly will help you. (我身為你最好的朋友 , 一定會幫你。 ) 2. My brother, who is a dentist, is studying in the US. (我的哥哥是位牙醫(yī) , 現(xiàn)在正在美國進修。 ) (5)關(guān)系代名詞的同義表現(xiàn) ①名詞 +主格關(guān)系代名詞 +動詞 → 名詞 +現(xiàn)在分詞 (主動 ) 例： There is a notice that says, No parking. → There is a notice saying, No parking. (有個告示牌上面寫著禁止停車。 ) ②名詞 +主格關(guān)系代名詞 +be 動詞 +過去分詞 → 名詞 +過去分詞 (被動 ) 例： This is a cake which was made by Mrs. White. → This is a cake made by Mrs. White. (這是由懷特太太所做的蛋糕。 ) ③ 名詞 +who +have / has / had... → 名詞 + with / having... 例： She is a girl who has blond hair. → She is a girl having blond hair. → She is a girl with blond hair. (她是位有金發(fā)的女孩。 ) 修飾名詞的字、 片語 、子句 (1)置于名詞前的形容詞、分詞 \)/ ①形容詞 +名詞 → 形容詞一般多位于名詞前 例： a red flower (一朵紅花 ) ② 現(xiàn)在分詞 +名詞 → 單獨一個字的現(xiàn)在分詞位于名詞前 , 表 進行 或 主動 。 例： a blooming flower (→ 朵 盛開的花 ) ③ 過去分詞 +名詞 → 單獨一個字的過去分詞位于名詞前 , 表 完成 或 被動 。 例： a fallen flower (一朵落花 ) (2)置于名詞后的形容詞、形容詞 片語 、形容詞子句 ① ~thing / ~body +形容詞 例： something interesting (某件有趣的事 ) ② 名詞 +形容詞 片語 → 由介系詞、分詞、不定詞引導(dǎo) 例： l. The pen on the desk is mine. (書桌上的筆是我的。 ) 2. Will you give me a pen to w rite w ith ?w hic h I c a n w rite w ith ????(請你給我一枝筆寫字好嗎？ ) 3. He drew a cat sleeping on the chair. (他畫了一只在椅子上睡覺的貓。 ) 4. This is the window broken by Tom. (這就是湯姆打破的窗戶。 ) ③ 名詞 +形容詞子句 → 由關(guān)系代名詞引導(dǎo) 例： Do you think the lady who wears a dress is pretty? → Do you think the lady wearing a dress is pretty? → Do you think the lady in a dress is pretty? (你認為穿著洋裝的女士漂亮嗎？ ) Unit 5 間 接問句 直接問 句 及間接問句 (1)直接問詞 → 疑問詞 (句首 )+ be ?????? 動 詞 主 詞 ？助 動 詞 主 詞 原 形