【正文】
yLines Features and Feature Classes ? 建立關(guān)系模型 ? 一個要素是一個地理對象 ? 一個要素是地理要素集的實例 ? 擴展的關(guān)系模型 幾何屬性類型 A feature class is a table of rows, where each row has a geographic column Objects and Object Classes – Tables ? 屬性表按照對象和對象類組織 對象是具有屬性和表現(xiàn)的實體 一個對象是對象類的實例 對象類的所有對象具有相同的屬性和表現(xiàn) Geodatabase特點 ? Point, lines, polygons Single and multipart features ? Text and surfaces ? Flexible coordinates XY, Z, M One record in feature class table Feature with many parts Raster and Imagery ? 支持多種數(shù)據(jù)格式 Tiff, bmp, GRID, among others ? 表的屬性域 ? Mosaic dataset 管理柵格數(shù)據(jù) Stored as a catalog, viewed as a mosaic Advanced querying and processing 拓撲規(guī)則 ? Geodatabase的拓撲規(guī)則特點 關(guān)系規(guī)則,存放在要素數(shù)據(jù)集 即時拓撲 ——使用時再建立,不再與地理要素捆綁 ? 定義了 25條拓撲規(guī)則,見下表 Topology rules in the geodatabase data model Feature Type Rule Polygon must not overlap, must not have gaps, must not overlap with, must be covered by feature class of, must cover each other, must be covered by, boundary must be covered by, area boundary must be covered by boundary of, and contains point Line must not overlap, must not intersect, must not have dangles, must not have pseudonodes, must not intersect or touch interior, must not overlap with, must be covered by feature class of, must be covered by boundary of, endpoint must be covered by, must not self overlap, must not self intersect, and must be single part Point must be covered by boundary of, must be properly inside polygons, must be covered by endpoint of, and must be covered by line Geodatabase優(yōu)點 ? 層級結(jié)構(gòu) 數(shù)據(jù)按要素數(shù)據(jù)集、要素類、屬性類組織 有些操作直接定義在類上,如道路網(wǎng)絡(luò)直接定義在道路層 ? 按面向?qū)ο蠼M織 拓寬對象的表示,從屬性到操作,如,刪除、增加操作 ? 即時拓撲 符合人的工作流程,將地理要素的“絕對位置”和“相對位置”區(qū)位處理 ? 按不同的應(yīng)用定制數(shù)據(jù)模型 復(fù)合要素 ? 以點、線、面復(fù)合的方式表示地理要素 ? 類型 不規(guī)則三角網(wǎng)( TIN) 分區(qū)( regions) 不規(guī)則三角網(wǎng)( TIN) ? 英文名稱: Triangulated irregular work ? 特點 用一系列不疊置三角形近似表示地形 不規(guī)則采樣的高程數(shù)據(jù) 采用方法:德老內(nèi)三角測量法 輔助信息:加上道路、河流、湖泊等 分區(qū)( Region) ? 具有類似特征的地理范圍,如行政區(qū) ? 層級組織結(jié)構(gòu) 省、市、縣等 ? 可疊置或不連續(xù) ? Geodatabase能用 路徑( Route) ? 特點 線狀要素 帶有測量系統(tǒng) ? 應(yīng)用在交通部門 如,事故的地點