【正文】 nd to us all. 第五課時 謂語動詞最常用的幾種時態(tài)與時間狀語的搭配一般現(xiàn)在every …, sometimes,　at …, on Sunday 現(xiàn)在進行now, 現(xiàn)在完成for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in the past years, always, recently 一般過去yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982, just now 過去進行this morning, the whole morning, all day, yesterday, from nine to ten last evening… when, while 過去完成…before, by, until, when, after, once, as soon as 一般將來next…, tomorrow, in… 過去將來多用在間接引語中表示發(fā)生在謂語動作以后的動作一、一般現(xiàn)在時的用法1) 經(jīng)常性或習慣性的動作，常與表示頻度的時間狀語連用?！?時間狀語： every…, sometimes,　at…, on Sunday　 I leave home for school at 7 every morning. He cycles to work every day. 2) 客觀真理，客觀存在，科學事實。　 The earth moves around the sun.　 Shanghai lies in the east of China. Water boils at 100 centigrade degrees3) 表示格言或警句中?！?Pride goes before a fall.　驕者必敗。注意：此用法如果出現(xiàn)在賓語從句中，即使主句是過去時，從句謂語也要用一般現(xiàn)在時。例如： Columbus proved that the earth is round.4) 現(xiàn)在時刻的狀態(tài)、能力、性格、個性?！?I don39。t want so much.　 Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well.比較：Now I put the sugar in the cup. I am doing my homework now. 第一句用一般現(xiàn)在時，用于操作演示或指導說明的示范性動作，表示言行的瞬間動作。再如：Now watch me, I switch on the current and stand back. 第二句中的now是進行時的標志，表示正在進行的動作的客觀狀況。 知識擴展：一般現(xiàn)在時表將來1）下列動詞：e, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般現(xiàn)在時表將來。這主要用來表示在時間上已確定或安排好的事情。 The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. When does the bus star? It stars in ten minutes.2）倒裝句，表示動作正在進行，如： Here es the bus. = The bus is ing. There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing.3）在時間或條件句中。 When Bill es (不是will e), ask him to wait for me. I39。ll write to you as soon as I arrive there.4）在動詞hope, take care that, make sure that等后。 I hope they have a nice time next week. Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room. 二、一般過去時的用法1）在確定的過去時間里所發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)?！?時間狀語有：yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等?！?Where did you go just now? I saw Tom in the street yesterday. I bought this TV set in Beijing last year.2）表示在過去一段時間內(nèi)，經(jīng)常性或習慣性的動作?！?When I was a child, I often played football in the street.　 He always went to work by bus. He used to act like that. 3）用過去時表示現(xiàn)在，表示語氣委婉禮貌。 （1）動詞want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。例如： Did you want anything else? I wanted to ask you about that. Did you want to speak to me now? I wondered if you could help me. （2）情態(tài)動詞 could, would，例如：　Could you lend me your bike?4）用在條件句中表示與現(xiàn)在或?qū)硎聦嵅环奶摂M語氣。 If I were a bird, I would fly to Beijing. If he were here now, we could turn to him for help. 注意比較下列句型：◎ It is time for sb. to do sth　 “到……時間了；該……了”，例如： It is time for you to go to bed.　你該睡覺了?！?It is time sb. did sth. “時間已遲了；早該……了”，例如：　 It is time you went to bed.　你早該睡覺了?！?would (had) rather sb. did sth.　表示“寧愿某人做某事”，例如： I39。d rather you came tomorrow.一般過去時表示的動作或狀態(tài)都已成為過去，現(xiàn)已不復存在。Christine was an invalid all her life.　(含義：她已不在人間。)Christine has been an invalid all her life.　(含義：她現(xiàn)在還活著)Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years. (含義：達比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。)Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years. ( 含義：現(xiàn)在還住在肯塔基州，有可能指剛離去)三、一般將來時1) shall用于第一人稱，常被will 所代替。will 在陳述句中用于各人稱，在征求意見時常用于第二人稱。Which paragraph shall I read first？Will you be at home at seven this evening?2) be going to +不定式，表示將來?！?a. 主語的意圖，即將做某事或打算做某事。What are you going to do tomorrow?　 b. 計劃，安排要發(fā)生的事。The play is going to be produced next month.　 c. 有跡象要發(fā)生的事Look at the dark clouds。 there is going to be a storm.3) be +不定式表將來，按計劃或正式安排將發(fā)生的事?！?We are to discuss the report next Saturday.4) be about to +不定式，意為馬上做某事。He is about to leave for Beijing.注意：be about to 不能與tomorrow, next week 等表示明確將來時的時間狀語連用?！頱e going to / will的用法之比較： 用于條件句時，be going to表將來，will表意愿。例如：If you are going to make a journey, you39。d better get ready for it as soon as possible.Now if you will take off your clothes, we will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror.☆be to和be going to 的用法之比較：　be to 表示客觀安排或受人指示而做某事。而be going to 則表示主觀的打算或計劃。例如：　I am to play football tomorrow afternoon. (客觀安排)　I39。m going to play football tomorrow afternoon. (主觀安排) 四、現(xiàn)在進行時　1. 表示現(xiàn)在( 指說話人說話時) 正在發(fā)生的事情。例如： We are waiting for you.　2. 習慣進行：表示長期的或重復性的動作，說話時動作未必正在進行。例如： Mr. Green is writing another novel.　(說話時并未在寫，只處于寫作的狀態(tài)。) She is learning piano under Mr. Smith.　3. 表示漸變的動詞有：get, grow, bee, turn, run, go, begin等。 The leaves are turning red. It39。s getting warmer and warmer.　4. 與always, constantly, forever 等詞連用，表示反復發(fā)生的動作或持續(xù)存在的狀態(tài)，往往帶有說話人的主觀色彩。 You are always changing your mind.知識擴展：不用進行時的動詞　1) 事實狀態(tài)的動詞。如：have, belong, possess, cost, owe, exist, include, contain, matter, weigh, measure, continue I have two brothers. This house belongs to my sister.2) 心理狀態(tài)的動詞。如：know, realize, think see, believe, suppose, imagine, agree, recognize, remember, want, need, forget, prefer, mean, understand, love, hate I need your help. He loves her very much.3) 瞬間動詞。如：accept, receive, plete, finish, give, allow, decide, refuse. I accept your advice.4) 系動詞。如：seem, remain, lie, see, hear, smell, feel, taste, get, bee, turn You seem a little tired. 五、過去進行時1）概念：表示過去某時正在進行的狀態(tài)或動作。2）過去進行時的主要用法是描述一件事發(fā)生的背景；一個長動作發(fā)生的時候，另一個短動作發(fā)生。3) 常用的時間狀語有：this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while 例句： My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself.It was raining when they left the station. When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining.　 1. — Look! How wonderful my car is! Oh, Jack. What are you thinking about? Don’t you like it? — I’m sorry I ______ any remark about it in time. I certainly think it’s smart.A. wasn’t making B. don’t makeC. won’t make D. didn’t make2. To find the street where I lived in my childhood i