【正文】 e: (place where there is ) parative darkness and often coolness caused by sth. blocking direct light or heat, esp. of the sun 蔭，蔭涼處 a. Stay in the shade—it’s cooler. 呆在蔭涼處—那兒涼爽。b. The trees give some wele shade from the sun. 綠樹(shù)遮住了陽(yáng)光形成人們喜歡的蔭涼。 shadow: (patch of ) shade caused by an object blocking direct rays of light 陰影，影子a. The chair casts a shadow on the wall. 椅子的影子投在墻上。b. Shadows are longer when the sun is low in the sky. 太陽(yáng)在天空中低時(shí)影子長(zhǎng)。 on reflection: after reconsidering sth. 再考慮后a. On further reflection, I saw that she might be right, after all. 經(jīng)過(guò)進(jìn)一步考慮我終于認(rèn)為她可能是正確的。b. She decided, on reflection, to accept the offer. 重新考慮后，她決定接受這建議。Important Structures1. Although this is shortsighted, it does make sense to discount longterm risks more than shortterm ones. (L19)2. That criticism fails to consider the fact that…, bad as that is, might suggest. (L45)3. Put differently, finding a cure for AIDS would be likely to add about 25 to 30 years to the life of each potential victim. (L48)4. Other things being equal, the sooner a risk causes damage or death, the more that risk is to be avoided. (L58)Passage II: Risks from Nature and Technology1. If we have been able to ….., that is because we have been clever enough to contrive ways of delaying the decay, disease, and destruction that is inflicted on us by nature. (L16)2. It has been estimated that we consume 10,000 times as many natural pesticides as artificial ones. (L22)3. In fact, such studies as there are raise doubts about the monly assumed risks of some pollutants. (L44)4. To qualify as a possible human carcinogen, …. even allowing for differences in body weight.(L55)Paraphrase the following sentences:InClass Reading: Risks and You1. Some people just have to hear about a new disease and they begin checking themselves to see if they may be suffering from it. (L2)2. Our uncertainties multiply indefinitely. (L8)3. In both, the fear or anxiety feeds on partial information. (L10)4. Again, in headon collisions, it may well save your life. (20).5. But the fact that there are risks associated with everything we are going to do does not, or should not, reduce us to trembling neurotics. (L25)6. But how much safer? (L29)7. If you are reckless, then you are not likely to be afraid of higher ratios unless they get unfortably large. (L59)Translate the following sentences into Chinese.AfterClass ReadingPassage I: Health Risks1. What makes today’s preoccupation with health slightly surprising is that Americans are far healthier now than they have ever been. (L3)2. Cancer induced by smoking or exposure to radiation, on the other hand, may take 20 to 30 years before its catastrophic effects show up. (L13)3. In making choices about health risks, therefore, it is important to bear in mind the likely time lag between taking a risk and suffering its consequences. (L15)4. After all, when virtually any of us is confronted with the choice of doing something likely to kill us today versus doing something likely to kill us in two decades, the choice is going to be the lesser of the two evils. (L 20)5. It is frequently argued that money devoted to medical research on curing diseases should be divided up on the basis of the number of lives lost to each disease. (L41)6. The assessment of the seriousness of a risk changes, depending upon whether we ask how many lives it claims or how many YPLLs it involves. (L52)Passage II: Risks from Nature and Technology1. They have evolved these toxic—in many cases, carcinogenic—defenses against insects and other predators over millions of years. (L21)2. Such studies are difficult to perform because there are too many variables outside our control. (L35)