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【正文】 60。atthesatisfactionofothers.專心致力于 優(yōu)先考慮的事，優(yōu)先權(quán)n Itisanoldsayingthatyoucan’teatyourcakeandhaveittoo.n Land,aswehaveseen,isoneoftheeconomicresourceswhicharelimitedinquantityandforwhichachoicehastobemade–onthewantstobesatisfiedandontheextentofthatsatisfaction.格言 , 諺語 n Ineconomictermsthisiscalledopportunitycost.Thisexpressionmeansthatthewantwhichwasgivenupwastherealcostofthewantwhichwassatisfied.n Thekindofchoicesthataremadeinamunityaboutthemostdesirableobjectivestopursuerestsonvaluejudgementsandopinions.經(jīng)濟學(xué)術(shù)語 機會成本 追求 取決于 n Intheeconomicsense,scarcitymeansthataresourcewhichcanbeusedformorethanonepurposeisindemand,andthereforeachoicemustbemadeonhowtoallocatetheresourceamongthepetingpurposes.n Countriesandeconomicsystemsmustdevelopthoseresourcesinwhichtheyarerichest,andsotheirdecisionsonhowtosatisfythewantsoftheirmunitywillbebasedontheresourcestheypossessandhowtheycanbestbeutilized.n Economicgoodsandservicesarethosewhichsatisfyhumanwantsbutarenotfree.additionalexercises.(translationfromECandCE)n (1)A market economy is one in which the basic economic choices are made by individual buyers and sellers interacting in market. A planned economy is one in which the basic economic choices are made by a planning authority rather than by individual buyers and sellers in markets.n (3) 稀缺是經(jīng)濟學(xué)產(chǎn)生的原因。所謂稀缺，就是指沒有而且從來也不會有足夠的產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)能夠滿足每個人、每個家庭和社會的需要。稀缺的存在。使得個人和社會必須做出選擇和決定。這就使得經(jīng)濟學(xué)有了另一個定義：經(jīng)濟學(xué)是研究在稀缺世界中進行選擇的科學(xué)。n （ 4）自從 1969年首次頒布諾貝爾經(jīng)濟學(xué)獎以來，迄今已經(jīng)有 43為經(jīng)濟學(xué)家獲此殊榮。諾貝爾獎得主闡明了非常不同的、通常是局限于經(jīng)濟學(xué)領(lǐng)域的某些方面，有時也經(jīng)常和其他一些學(xué)科（包括數(shù)學(xué)、法律、歷史 )有一些聯(lián)系。大約 2/3的工作是有關(guān)宏觀經(jīng)濟學(xué)的，另外 1/3是有關(guān)微觀經(jīng)濟學(xué)的
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