外文翻譯----高層建筑設(shè)計(jì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)-資料下載頁(yè)
2025-10-21 08:18本頁(yè)面
【導(dǎo)讀】工業(yè)化社會(huì)吸引了更多的人來(lái)到城市，因此需要更多的空間被用來(lái)工。高層建筑，需要兩個(gè)基本的技術(shù)要素。首先，必須找到一個(gè)建造高層。盡管奧蒂斯電梯在十九世紀(jì)后期為垂直運(yùn)輸系統(tǒng)提供了合乎邏輯的解決方。法，但結(jié)構(gòu)仍然是一個(gè)非常重要的威懾力量對(duì)于修建非常高的建筑物來(lái)說(shuō)。于高于20層的建筑物的來(lái)說(shuō)。因此，在20世紀(jì)20年代建成的建筑大多低于這。一個(gè)偉大的進(jìn)步在1930發(fā)生，當(dāng)時(shí)帝國(guó)大廈的建造或多或少的運(yùn)用到。二戰(zhàn)后的社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)需要，促使美國(guó)開(kāi)。建筑的所有的這些變化態(tài)度帶來(lái)了時(shí)代的。新的需求和挑戰(zhàn)被用來(lái)創(chuàng)造城市的環(huán)境。在選擇高層建筑結(jié)構(gòu)體系的過(guò)程中大部分取決于標(biāo)準(zhǔn)而不是結(jié)構(gòu)。造成一定的影響，以及整個(gè)街區(qū)的人流量。當(dāng)然，一個(gè)明顯的扁平塔樓將會(huì)有一個(gè)更高的高寬比，這通常。增加高寬比通常意味著將增加為高度引起而需減少橫向?？赡芤馕吨喈?dāng)于損失1500000美元的總建筑成本。考慮，只有當(dāng)開(kāi)發(fā)商有特殊要求時(shí)才能被排除。
【正文】 derations. Climatic considerations sometimes play a strong part in choosing the structural system. For extremely cold winter climate the general tendency is to provide larger, clear windows, perhaps because there is a greater need for the occupant to look out and enjoy the nature as much as possible. On the other hand, in hot tropical climate it is more economical to have less glass and more solid masonry or concrete surface. This coincides with lesser need for the occupants to look outside. Structural systems which inherently use large exterior bearing walls are, therefore, quite often wele in such climatic conditions. 6. Structural Material Considerations. The selection of a system depends strictly on the local relative economies between the various structural materials. It is because of this reason that while, in one area a concrete structural system may be economical, in another area of the country a structural steel system may bee more economical. Sometimes, of course, a bination of both materials in the same building may result in the optimum design. 7. Foundation Considerations. Tall buildings require a stable foundation. Where rock is directly available near the ground level, the choice of structural system or material is not affected. However, in many areas where, for instance, floating foundation is the only way to support a building, the total weight of the structure bees very significant because it controls the total depth of excavation. In such cases, light weight construction is the obvious structural choice. This could lead to either a steel structural framing, or an all lightweight concrete construction, or a posite system depending on the local material economies. 8. Time of Construction. Although time of construction of a project seems to be an obvious factor in choosing the type of construction, often it is overlooked as such, and estimates to pare structural systems are made without any consideration of the total time of construction. This may have little effect where interim financing during construction is not a critical item. In most investment projects, however, this cannot be overlooked. If the time of construction of a million sq. ft. building takes 6 months more than another petitive structural system, it may very well mean an equivalent loss of $ million in the total construction cost. In choosing structural systems, therefore, this criterion should be considered and only eliminated, if specifically requested by the owner.
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