【正文】 m interested in the news but it bores my wife. B. Tome the new was very interesting, but to my wife very boring. ●以分詞短語(yǔ)開(kāi)頭 A. Since he was disturbed by the discord of American life in recent decades, Manchester took flight for the pacific islands. B. Disturbed by the discord of American life in recent decades, Manchester took flight for the pacific islands. ●以動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)開(kāi)頭 A. If you want to pass the exam, you should work very hard. B. To pass the exam, you should work very hard. ③句子要避免頭重腳輕 Chinese, maths, English, physics, chemistry and puter are the main subjects. →The main subjects are Chinese, maths, English, physics, chemistry and puter. ④長(zhǎng)短句交替使用，體現(xiàn)表達(dá)節(jié)奏美 We can imagine the beautiful surroundings. There are many trees along the streets. There is a clean river in the city. There are many fishes in the river. There are willow trees on the one side. There are some pieces of grassland on the other are many flowers on them. 文中七個(gè)句子都是簡(jiǎn)單句，句型結(jié)構(gòu)單一，而且句子長(zhǎng)短同一，都在七八詞左右，十分單調(diào)。下面是修改后的段落： Just imagine the beautiful surroundings if we make our cities greener. Green trees line the streets. A clean river winds through the city, in which a lot of fishes abound. On the one side stand rows of willow trees. On the other side lies a stretch of grassland sprinkled with many yellow and red flowers. 改寫(xiě)后的這段文字。有長(zhǎng)句，也有短句，一長(zhǎng)一短，抑揚(yáng)頓挫的節(jié)奏感就出來(lái)了。不僅句子長(zhǎng)短交叉，而且句型結(jié)構(gòu)變化也很大，使文章流暢自然，生動(dòng)活潑。 如果直接把句子生硬地拼湊在一起，不管句中使用的詞匯多么高級(jí)，句式多么豐富，也只是句子的簡(jiǎn)單堆砌，還稱(chēng)不上是文章。我們應(yīng)該安排好段落或?qū)哟危智逯黝}句(topic sentence)和輔助句(supporting sentence)，對(duì)有關(guān)要點(diǎn)用具體的事實(shí)或細(xì)節(jié)來(lái)說(shuō)明，注意內(nèi)容表達(dá)的順序和條理，然后注意用好關(guān)聯(lián)詞，使行文連貫。 寫(xiě)作中常能用到的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有： (1)表示并列關(guān)系：and, also, as well, as well as, or, too, not only... but also, both... and, either... or, neither... nor； (2)表示轉(zhuǎn)折對(duì)比的過(guò)渡詞：but, however, yet, instead, on the other hand, on the contrary, although, though, despite, in spite of, whereas, unlike, nevertheless, otherwise； (3) 表示遞進(jìn)關(guān)系的過(guò)渡詞：besides, in addition, moreover, what39。s more, what39。s worse； (4)表示原因的過(guò)渡詞：because, because of, since, as, for, now that, thanks to, due to； (5)表示結(jié)果的過(guò)渡詞：so, thus, therefore, as a result, so that, then, thereby, hence, so... that, such... that； (6)表示條件的過(guò)渡詞：if, unless, on addition that, as/so long as； (7)表示時(shí)間順序的過(guò)渡詞：first, second, then, finally, at last, immediately, suddenly, soon； (8)表示換一種方式表達(dá)的過(guò)渡詞：in other words, that is to say, to put it another way； (9)表示舉例說(shuō)明的過(guò)渡詞：for instance, for example, like, such as； (10)表示總結(jié)的過(guò)渡詞：in a word, in general, in short above all, after all, generally speaking, to sum up, finally, in conclusion, at last, in summary, last but not least； (11)過(guò)渡性的插入語(yǔ)：I think, I39。m afraid, you know, As we all know。 由于評(píng)卷人的主觀(guān)性，好的開(kāi)頭與結(jié)尾往往給人以好的印象。一般開(kāi)頭不要寫(xiě)得太羅嗦，要找著恰當(dāng)?shù)那腥朦c(diǎn)，快速入題，簡(jiǎn)潔明快。結(jié)尾同樣不拖泥帶水，最好還能適當(dāng)評(píng)論，寫(xiě)出點(diǎn)睛之筆。如：蘇州市一模試卷：最近，教育部規(guī)定，在中小學(xué)增加京劇為必修內(nèi)容，對(duì)此大家反應(yīng)不一，你的看法如何。 參考范文的結(jié)尾：I share the view of the second group. Besides their reasons, I also worry whether there are enough qualified teachers for the task. In addition, we have so many traditional arts in history that it39。s impossible to learn the mall in classroom.我們學(xué)生的觀(guān)點(diǎn)：In my opinion, the intention of the new regulation is good. However, not everyone is suitable for acting in Peking Opera and not all are interested in it. We can promote it to the public, but acception is another story. The promotion of culture needs a free atmosphere.附表1近三年全國(guó)卷全國(guó)卷閱讀理解分析表年份素材話(huà)題考點(diǎn)分布細(xì)節(jié)題詞意推測(cè)提推斷題主旨大意題2014一卷A議論文，如何花錢(qián)才物有所值9個(gè)55560、666696個(gè)70、6666671個(gè)59B記敘文，作者去弗羅里達(dá)州過(guò)冬天C說(shuō)明文，介紹the pompidou centre舉辦salvadorD議論文，主題咖啡館二卷A夾敘夾議，作者作為醫(yī)生的經(jīng)歷10個(gè)33444462個(gè)4452個(gè)3471個(gè)39B說(shuō)明文，介紹愛(ài)丁堡音樂(lè)節(jié)C說(shuō)明文，介紹CRF巧克力工廠(chǎng)D議論文，母親節(jié)禮物2015一卷A應(yīng)用文，《劍橋科學(xué)節(jié)對(duì)好奇心的挑戰(zhàn)》比賽通知4個(gè)222329個(gè)2222233352個(gè)233B說(shuō)明文，介紹野生鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)——旅鴿C說(shuō)明文，《以馴獸獅為例》說(shuō)明遇事果斷做決定D科學(xué)類(lèi)記敘文，介紹科學(xué)家mark turin二卷A記敘文，寫(xiě)作者的經(jīng)歷8個(gè)222233354個(gè)223342個(gè)2291個(gè)24B說(shuō)明文，介紹美國(guó)環(huán)保意識(shí)C說(shuō)明文，介紹中國(guó)互惠生D應(yīng)用文，寫(xiě)地鐵指南2016一卷A應(yīng)用文，海報(bào)，倫敦運(yùn)河博物館演講9個(gè)2222222325個(gè)2233351個(gè)31B說(shuō)明文，圍繞嬰兒視覺(jué)實(shí)驗(yàn)而展開(kāi)研究C議論文，討論“讀書(shū)謊言”D應(yīng)用文，介紹the national gallery參觀(guān)指南二卷A記敘文，寫(xiě)生活瑣事9個(gè)111154個(gè)111個(gè)21個(gè)8B說(shuō)明文，三維關(guān)系房子、設(shè)計(jì)與飲食C說(shuō)明文，英國(guó)的間隔年D應(yīng)用文，介紹一天之旅的方案附表2閱讀七選五全國(guó)卷I文體話(huà)題主旨概括句過(guò)渡性句子注釋性句子201說(shuō)明文What are business and business management?2122015說(shuō)明文Four tips about children how to adapt to their future work2212016議論文Building Trust in a Relationship221全國(guó)卷II文體話(huà)題主旨概括句過(guò)渡性句子注釋性句子2014說(shuō)明文Some tips about public speaking training2212015說(shuō)明文Three tips about how to cook in a short time1312016說(shuō)明文What does training for a marathon require?131附表3近三年全國(guó)卷卷完型填空分析表年份/項(xiàng)目/文體及內(nèi)容名詞動(dòng)詞及短語(yǔ)形容詞副詞代詞連詞介詞及短語(yǔ)一卷2014記敘文，作者通過(guò)使用輪椅體驗(yàn)殘疾人的生活7個(gè)444445558個(gè)34450、5545個(gè)334532個(gè)3482015說(shuō)明文，各種形式活動(dòng)如果按常規(guī)做都會(huì)厭倦9個(gè)444450、555604個(gè)455593個(gè)45582016記敘文，作者帶領(lǐng)孩子幫助失業(yè)者的一些感受8個(gè)444455555個(gè)4445563個(gè)45603個(gè)450、571個(gè)、54二卷2014記敘文，Michael贈(zèng)送手套人物事跡5個(gè)12233411個(gè)1222222314個(gè)113352015記敘文，Joe和Simon的經(jīng)歷3個(gè)44508個(gè)4455555603個(gè)44585個(gè)4455591個(gè)、482016夾敘夾議，觀(guān)看女兒所在的足球隊(duì)，感悟經(jīng)驗(yàn)是最好的老師6個(gè)22233396個(gè)22233374個(gè)223403個(gè)23361個(gè)、30附表4近三年語(yǔ)法填空考點(diǎn)分析全國(guó)卷I20142015所填詞考點(diǎn)所填詞考點(diǎn)61was謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞arrived動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)62actually詞性轉(zhuǎn)換before/earlier副詞63the 冠詞its代詞64or連詞that/which定語(yǔ)從句65to reduce非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞paintings名詞單復(fù)數(shù)66cleaner形容詞的比較級(jí)by介詞67that/which定語(yǔ)從句is動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)及主謂一致68amazing詞性轉(zhuǎn)換conducted非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞69changes名詞單復(fù)數(shù)regularly詞性轉(zhuǎn)換70patient詞