【導(dǎo)讀】電子商務(wù)物流正是在這種環(huán)境下發(fā)展壯大起來的，電子商務(wù)物流是指在。費全過程的現(xiàn)代供應(yīng)鏈管理系統(tǒng)。流管理體系還不完善，跟不上電子商務(wù)的發(fā)展速度，以至于形成了許多問題。因此，物流的信息化、網(wǎng)絡(luò)化、社會化將對電子商務(wù)的發(fā)展產(chǎn)生巨大的影響。技術(shù)的逐步成熟?；贕IS的應(yīng)用將構(gòu)造具有競爭力的透明物流企。有效的管理和決策分析。既符合現(xiàn)代物流的要求，又有助于物流配送企業(yè)有。效地利用現(xiàn)有資源，降低消耗，提高效率。能和可視化表達(dá)，進行各種輔助決策1。這是GIS最顯著的特點之一，它不。相查詢,共同參與空間分析與決策。GIS強調(diào)空間分析，由于空間數(shù)據(jù)和屬性。自那時起，GIS就開始服務(wù)于經(jīng)。洲際之間以及各種專題性的地理信息系統(tǒng)。隨著計算機和信息技術(shù)的快速發(fā)展，近年來GIS技術(shù)得到了迅猛的發(fā)展。GIS系統(tǒng)正朝著專業(yè)或大型化、社會化方向不斷發(fā)展著。“大型化”體現(xiàn)在系。物流系統(tǒng)的目的是實現(xiàn)物資的空間效益和時間效。益，以盡可能低的成本為顧客提供最好的服務(wù)。

　　

【正文】 reas in– house transportation cannot. Other reasons are as follows: 第三方物流增長十分迅速 。成本降低和對更好更便宜的服務(wù)的需求是增長背后的動力。第三方物流提供商能夠?qū)碜詭准移髽I(yè)的業(yè)務(wù)進行整合，并能提供頻繁的提貨和交貨，而企業(yè)內(nèi)部運輸無法做到。（第三方物流發(fā)展的）其它原因如下： * The pany does not specialize in logistics。 * 企業(yè)并不專長于物流 * The pany does not have sufficient resources。 * 企業(yè)自身沒有足夠的物流資源 * Eager to implement better logistics operation or does not have time to develop the required capabilities in– house。 * 對實施更好的物流運作的期盼，或沒有時間開發(fā)內(nèi)部物流所需要的能力 * The pany is venturing into a new business with totally different logistics requirements。 * 企業(yè)正投資一項新領(lǐng)域，該領(lǐng)域有著不同的物流需求 * Merger or acquisition may make outsourcing logistics operations more attractive than to integrate logistics operations. * 外包物流運營可能比整合物流運營更加有吸引力 Logistics 全球物流 Developed countries often deal with globalization in two ways: to be more cost petitive with third world countries, and to look for new partners in other countries to manufacture ponents, subassemblies and even the final products. 江西財經(jīng)大學(xué)普通本科畢業(yè)論文 17 The second approach forces most developed countries to get into a new area called “ global logistics” . 發(fā)達(dá)國家常在兩個方面實施全球 化 :在第三世界國家謀求更大的成本優(yōu)勢 ,以及在其他國家尋找新的合作伙伴生產(chǎn)零配件、半成品甚至制成品。這第二個方面迫使發(fā)達(dá)國家不得不進入一個叫做“全球物流”的新領(lǐng)域。 Benefits of global operations include cheap raw materials and end products, lower labor cost, better quality, increased internal petition and better customer service. Some of the disadvantages are unreliable delivery, poor munication and longer time from design to finish production. Challenges are often cultural and linguistic differences, legal requirements, logistics suppliers or manufacturers, exchange rates. 全球經(jīng)營的利益包 括 (獲得 )廉價的原材料和終端產(chǎn)品 ,降低的勞動成本 ,更好的質(zhì)量 ,提升國際競爭力以及更好的客戶服務(wù)。其缺點主要是交貨的不可靠性 ,艱難的溝通以及從產(chǎn)品的設(shè)計到產(chǎn)品的生產(chǎn)完成需要更長的時間。面臨的挑戰(zhàn)經(jīng)常來自于文化和語言的差異 ,法律要求 ,物流支持 ,尋求合適的全球供應(yīng)商或生產(chǎn)商 ,外匯匯率等。 There are three major flows involved in global logistics: material flow, document flow and cash flow. 全球物流涉及到三種流轉(zhuǎn) :物料流轉(zhuǎn) ,單據(jù)流轉(zhuǎn)和資金流轉(zhuǎn)。 into the Future 物流走向未來 Logistics is changing at a rapid and acceleration rate. There are two reasons are its rapid growth: 物流正以高速改變著。其高速增長原因有二 : Firstly, pressure to change by the development of the system itself 第一 ,因自身系統(tǒng)的發(fā)展而 被迫變革 (1) High– speed puting and data transmission can instantly transmit and react to user demand (1)高速計算機系統(tǒng)和數(shù)據(jù)交換系統(tǒng)能持續(xù)地對用戶需求實行流轉(zhuǎn)和操作 (2) More flexible and accurate logistic planning and control through puters and data processing (2)通過計算機和數(shù)據(jù)加工能實現(xiàn)更加靈活的精 確的物流計劃和管理 (3) Flexible puter facilities help problem solving and increase decisions accuracy (3)柔性計算機設(shè)施有助于問題的解決和提高決策的精確度 (4) Awareness of total cost measurement and management accounting (4)對整體成本衡量和財務(wù)管理的清醒認(rèn)識 Secondly, pressures for changes from the wider economy. 第二 ,來自范圍經(jīng)濟變革的壓力。 (1) Be flexible in handling markets of different sizes for better petition (1)為了謀求更大競爭力 ,對于不同規(guī)模市場的處理需要有靈活性 (2) There is increasing specialization in markets and growth in retailing. (2)市場規(guī)格和零售增長的大幅度提升 江西財經(jīng)大學(xué)普通本科畢業(yè)論文 18 (3) Life cycles for products are shortening. Logistics systems need to be more efficient, faster and more flexible (3) 產(chǎn)品的生產(chǎn)周期縮短。物流系統(tǒng)就要更高效、更快、更靈活 (4) Move from mass production towards flexible manufacturing system( FMS). These systems enable a pany to switch production quickly from one product to another (4) 從規(guī)模生產(chǎn)轉(zhuǎn)向柔性生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng) (FMS) 。這些系統(tǒng)能使企業(yè)從一種產(chǎn)品的生產(chǎn)迅速轉(zhuǎn)向另一種產(chǎn)品的生產(chǎn) (5) Competitive pressures lead to more efforts to improve customer service. (5)競爭的壓力導(dǎo)致企業(yè)更加努力地提高客戶服務(wù)水平。 process of logistical integration can be divided into four stages: 物流整合的過程可分為四個階段 : Stage 1. Began in the early 1960s in the USA and involved the integration of all activities associated with distribution. Separate distribution departments were to coordinate the management of all processes within physical distribution management( PDM). 第一階段 :開始于 0 世紀(jì) 60 年代的美國 ,涉及到所有相關(guān)的配送活動的整合。分離的經(jīng)銷部門得協(xié)調(diào)與貨物配送管理 (PDM)相關(guān)的所有過程的管理。 Stage 2. PDM was applied to the inbound movement of materials, ponents, and subassemblies, generally known as “ materials management” . By the late 1970s, many firms had established “ logistics department” with overall responsibility for the movement, storage, and handling of products upstream and downstream of the production operation. 第二階段 :PDM 應(yīng)用于物流、部件和半成品的往返流轉(zhuǎn)活動 ,通常稱之為“物料管理”。至20 世紀(jì) 70 年代晚期 ,很多企業(yè)業(yè)已建立了“物流部門”以全權(quán)負(fù)責(zé)與生產(chǎn)運作相關(guān)的上游和下游產(chǎn)品 的搬運、倉儲和裝卸等。 Stage 3. Logistics plays an important coordinating role, as it interfaces with most other functions. With the emergence of business process re –engineering( BPR) in the early 1990s, the relationship between logistics and related functions was redefined. “ System integration” occurred. Cross–functional integration should achieve greater results. 第三階段 :因其成為面對眾多功能的接口 ,物流承擔(dān)起重要的協(xié)調(diào)作用。隨著 20 世紀(jì) 90年代早期業(yè)務(wù)流程再造 (BPR)的出現(xiàn) ,物流及其相關(guān)功能的關(guān)系被重新定義?！跋到y(tǒng)整合”開始出現(xiàn)。功能交叉整合應(yīng)該大幅度實現(xiàn) .