【正文】 播，不論是直接的或借助于機器或裝置。Copyright protection subsists,in accordance with this title,in original works of authorship fixed in any tangible medium of expression,now known or later developed,from which they can be perceived,reproduced,or otherwise municated,either directly or with the aid of a machine or device在任何情況下，對作者的獨創(chuàng)作品的版權(quán)保護決不擴大到任何思想、程序、方法、體系、操作方法、概念、原理或發(fā)現(xiàn)，不論在這種作品中這些是以什么形式描述、說明、圖示或體現(xiàn)的。In no case does copyright protection for an original work of authorship extend to any idea,procedure,process,system,method of operation,concept,principle,or discovery,regardless of the form in which it is described,explained,illustrated,or embodied in such work.第102條規(guī)定的版權(quán)的客體包括編輯作品和演繹作品，但是對于使用具有版權(quán)的原有材料的作品的保護，不適用于該作品中任何非法使用這種原有材料的部分。The subject matter of copyright as specified by section 102 includes pilations and derivative works,but protection for a work employing preexisting material in which copyright subsists does not extend to any part of the work in which such material has been used unlawfullyC版權(quán)或者版權(quán)中任何專有權(quán)利的所有權(quán)有別于任何體現(xiàn)作品的物體的所有權(quán)。任何物體包括作品首次錄制的復(fù)制件或錄音制品的所有權(quán)的轉(zhuǎn)移本身并不等于轉(zhuǎn)讓由該物體體現(xiàn)出來的有版權(quán)作品的任何權(quán)利；在沒有協(xié)議的情況下，版權(quán)或者版權(quán)中任何專有權(quán)利的所有權(quán)的轉(zhuǎn)移也不等于轉(zhuǎn)讓任何物體的財產(chǎn)權(quán)。Transfer of ownership of any material object,including the copy or phonorecord in which the work is first fixed,does not of itself convey any right in the copyrighted work embodied in the object。nor,in the absence of an agreement,does transfer of ownership of a copyright or of any exclusive rights under a copyright convey property rights in any material object.就雇傭作品而言，雇主或作品為其制作的其他人被認(rèn)為是本法所稱的作者，除非各方在由他們簽署的書面文件中明確作出另外的協(xié)議，雇主或作品為其制作的其他人擁有版權(quán)所包括的一切權(quán)利。In the case of a work made for hire,the employer or other person or whom the work was prepared is considered the author for purposes of this title,and unless the parties have expressly agreed otherwise in a written instrument signed by them,owns all of the rights prised in the copyright.如一個單獨的作者的版權(quán)所有權(quán)或版權(quán)范圍內(nèi)任何專有權(quán)利的所有權(quán)，事前并未經(jīng)該單獨的作者自愿轉(zhuǎn)移，任何政府部門或其他官員或組織的旨在扣押、沒收、轉(zhuǎn)移或者行使該版權(quán)所有權(quán)或此版權(quán)內(nèi)任何專有權(quán)利的所有權(quán)的行動按本法規(guī)定都不應(yīng)有效，但第11編規(guī)定者除外。When an individual author’s ownership of a copyright,or of any of the exclusive rights under a copyright,has not preciously been transferred voluntarily by that individual author,no action by any governmental body or other official or organization purporting to seize expropriate,transfer,or exercise rights of ownership with respect to the copyright,or any of the exclusive rights under a copyright,shall be given effect under this title except as provided under title 11.D任何人侵犯第106條至第118條規(guī)定的版權(quán)所有者的任何專有權(quán)利，或違犯第602條的規(guī)定向美國進口復(fù)制件或錄音制品，就是版權(quán)侵犯者。Anyone who violates any of the exclusive rights of the copyright owner as provided by sections 106 through 122 or of the author as provided in section 106A(a).or who imports copies or phonorecords into the Unites States in violation of section 602,is an infringer of the copyright or right of the author,as the case may be.發(fā)出強制令的法院書記官應(yīng)該立即將其辦公室檔案中所有有關(guān)該案件的證件經(jīng)過驗證的副本送交該法院。The clerk of the court granting the injunction shall,when requested by any other court in which enforcement of the injunction is sought,transmit promptly to the other court a certified copy of all the papers in the case on file in such clerk’s office.Unit8A標(biāo)準(zhǔn)數(shù)控機床雖大大降低了零部件生產(chǎn)切削與完成運行的時間，但零部件整體操作還是很耗時的。Standard NC machines great。y reduced the machining time required to produce a part or plete a production run of parts,but the overall operation was still timeconsuming.機床生產(chǎn)商不斷改進機床的生產(chǎn)效率，賦予了可編程微處理器更多的計算機能力， 同時應(yīng)用了許多省時的設(shè)備來增加機床的工作時間，減少停工期。As the machine tool manufacturers continued to improve the efficiency of their machine the puter capabilities were greatly increased to programmable microprocessors,and many timesaving devices were introduced to increase the machine’s cutting time and reduce downtime.這些機械設(shè)備包括自動換刀架、零件自動拆卸器、切削自動傳輸帶、道具磨損監(jiān)控器、在線檢測設(shè)備和機器人——這一切帶我們走進了今天所說的加工中心。Some of these machine options are automatic tool changers,parts loaders and unloaders,chip conveyors,tool wear monitors,inprocess gaging and robotswhich brings us to today’s machining centers.加工或生產(chǎn)過程與過程規(guī)劃、生產(chǎn)計劃、材料處理、清單控制、生產(chǎn)檢測、機器控制、維修等緊密聯(lián)系，形成了整個的機械制造系統(tǒng)。The manufacturing or production operations are joined together with the process planning,production scheduling,material handling,inventory control,product inspection,machinery control,and maintenance to form a total manufacturing system.在管理方面, 計算機輔助制造可以改善生產(chǎn)容量規(guī)劃以及生產(chǎn)進度。As far as management is concerned,CAM can improve capacity planning and production scheduling.B熱處理技術(shù)是機械加工四大基礎(chǔ)技術(shù)（鑄造、鍛造、熱處理、焊接）之一，也是機械零部件制造的一項關(guān)鍵步驟。Heat treatment is one of the four basic machine building industries(casting,forging,heat treatment and welding)as well as a key process in mechanic products manufacturing.而且隨著汽車、摩托車、信息產(chǎn)業(yè)、工程機械、農(nóng)業(yè)機械、航空航天技術(shù)、武器、環(huán)保設(shè)施、機械基礎(chǔ)件等的快速發(fā)展，熱處理技術(shù)的創(chuàng)新與發(fā)展也迫在眉睫。Furthermore,innovation and development for heat treat treatment are in great request with the rapid development of automobile,motorcycle,information industries,engineering machinery,agricultural machinery,aerospace,weaponary,environmental protection equipment,machine elemental parts,etc.基于國內(nèi)外的發(fā)展趨勢與要求，具有特殊功能的低壓真空熱處理設(shè)備與工藝開始投入使用。.In view of development tendency and requirements both at home and abroad,specialpurpose equipment and process for “Lowpressure Vacuum Heat Treatment”has e into use.它的特點是：高性能、低消耗、高效率、環(huán)保、具有中國特色。It features high quality,low consumption,high efficiency and environmental protection with Chinese characteristics.但是，低壓脈沖真空熱處理技術(shù)兼具了真空熱處理與脈沖熱處理技術(shù)的優(yōu)點，同時又創(chuàng)新了傳統(tǒng)熱處理技術(shù)。However,heat treatment in low voltage pulse vacuum bines the advantages of vacuum heat treatment with pulse heat treatment and renews the conventional heat treatment.C中國加入世界貿(mào)易組織后，市場機會越來越多，貿(mào)易與投資迅速增長。其次，隨著新興中產(chǎn)階級的增加，越來越多的人們將有更多的機會購買國內(nèi)外商品，許多跨國企業(yè)熱衷于在中國投資、制造與運送貨物。With China’s accession into the WTO es even greater market and investments are expected to surge ,with a burgeoning middle class,more people will have greater purchasing access to both domestic and foreign MNCs are keen to invest,make and deliver through China,隨著而來，跨國企業(yè)與物流服務(wù)商們都渴望能夠知曉中國的物流基礎(chǔ)