【正文】 ce) with only minimal intervention by the processor. DMA transfers are managed by a third peripheral called a DMA 。一種直接在兩個外設(shè)（通常是內(nèi)存和I/O設(shè)備）之間進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)傳輸?shù)募夹g(shù)，它只要處理器最少的介入。DMA傳輸由叫DMA控制器的第三方外設(shè)進(jìn)行管理。　　DRAM（動態(tài)隨機訪問存儲器）Dynamic RandomAccess Memory. A type of RAM that maintains its contents only as long as the data stored in the device is refreshed at regular refresh cycles are usually performed by a peripheral called a DRAM 。一種RAM，存儲在其設(shè)備中的數(shù)據(jù)被定期刷新時才能保存它的內(nèi)容。刷新周期一般由一個叫DRAM控制器的外設(shè)完成?！　ata bus（數(shù)據(jù)總線）A set of electrical lines connected to the processor and all of the peripherals with which it municates. When the processor wants to read (write) the contents of a memory location or register within a particular peripheral, it sets the address bus pins appropriately and receives (transmits) the contents on the data 。當(dāng)一個處理器想去寫（讀）某一特定外設(shè)中的存儲器地址或寄存器中的內(nèi)容時，處理器設(shè)置地址總線并在數(shù)據(jù)總線上接收（傳輸）內(nèi)容?！　eadline（死線）The time at which a particular set of putations must be pleted. See alsorealtime 。請看實時系統(tǒng)?！　eadlock（死鎖）An unwanted software situation in which an entire set of tasks is blocked, w　　aiting for an event that only a task within the same set can cause. If a deadlock occurs, the only solution is to reset the hardware. However, it is usually possible to prevent deadlocks altogether by following certain software design ，在這個狀態(tài)下，所有的任務(wù)因為等待一個只有在這些被阻塞任務(wù)之一才能產(chǎn)生的事件而被阻塞。如果死鎖發(fā)生，唯一解決的方法是重啟動硬件。但是，通過可靠的軟件設(shè)計實踐活動通?？梢苑乐顾梨i的發(fā)生?！　ebug monitor（除錯監(jiān)視程序）A piece of embedded software that has been designed specifically for use as a debugging tool. It usually resides in ROM and municates with a debugger via a serial port or network connection. The debug monitor provides a set of primitive mands to view and modify memory locations and registers, create and remove breakpoints, and execute your program. The debugger bines these primitives to fulfill higherlevel requests like program download and 。它一般被放在ROM中，通過串口或網(wǎng)絡(luò)與除錯器進(jìn)行通訊。除錯監(jiān)視程序提供一個簡單的命令集來顯示和內(nèi)存地址和寄存器、建立和移除斷點，并且運行你的程序。除錯監(jiān)視器組合這些簡單的命令去實現(xiàn)象程序下載各單步調(diào)試等高端的請求?！　ebugger（除錯器）A software development tool used to test and debug embedded software. The debugger runs on a host puter and connects to the target through a serial port or network connection. Using a debugger you can download software to the target for immediate execution. You can also set breakpoints and examine the contents of specific memory locations and ，被用來對嵌入式軟件進(jìn)行測試和除錯。除錯器在宿主機上運行并且通過串口或網(wǎng)絡(luò)連接到目標(biāo)機上。你能使用除錯器下載軟件到目標(biāo)機并直接運行。你也可以設(shè)置斷點并檢查特定內(nèi)存地址或寄存器的內(nèi)容。device driver（設(shè)備驅(qū)動程序）A software module that hides the details of a particular peripheral and provides a highlevel programming interface to it. 一個軟件模塊，它隱藏特定外設(shè)的細(xì)節(jié)并提供高級的外設(shè)編程接口?！　evice programmer（設(shè)備編程器）A tool for programming nonvolatile memories and other electricallyprogrammable devices. Typically, the programmable device is inserted into a socket on the device programmer and the contents of a memory buffer are then transferred into 。典型地，可編程設(shè)備被插到設(shè)備編程器的接口上，接著內(nèi)存緩存器中的內(nèi)容被傳送到它里面。　　digital signal processor（數(shù)字信號處理器）A device that is similar to a microprocessor, except that the internal CPU has been optimized for use in applications involving discretetime signal processing. In addition to standard microprocessor instructions, DSPs usually support a set of plex instructions to perform mon signalprocessing 　putations DSP families are TIs 320Cxx and Motorolas 5600x ，不同的是它內(nèi)部的CPU被優(yōu)化，用于特定的應(yīng)用，如離散信號處理。除了標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的微處理器指令外，DSP常常支持復(fù)雜指令集去非?？斓赝瓿赏ㄓ玫男盘柼幚碛嬎?。通用DSP家庭是TI的320Cxx和Motorola的5600x系列?！　EPROM（電可擦的，可編程的只讀存儲器）Electrically Erasable, Programmable ReadOnly Memory. (PronouncedDoubleEPROM.) A type of ROM that can be erased electronically.電可擦的，可編程的只讀存儲器。一種ROM能被電擦除?！　PROM（可擦的，可編程的只讀存儲器）Erasable, Programmable ReadOnly Memory. A type of ROM that can be erased by exposing it to ultraviolet light. Once erased, an EPROM can be reprogrammed with the help of a device 。一次擦除后，EPROM可以在設(shè)備編程器的幫助下被重編程?！　mbedded system（嵌入式系統(tǒng)）A bination of puter hardware and software, and perhaps additional mechanical or other parts, designed to perform a dedicated function. In some cases, embedded systems are part of a larger system or product, as is the case of an antilock braking system in a car. Contrast with generalpurpose ，或許還加上機械等其他部分，被設(shè)計來完成專門的功能。在一些情況下，嵌入式系統(tǒng)是一個大的系統(tǒng)或產(chǎn)品的一部分，就象汽車上的防抱死裝置。與通用計算機相對。