【正文】
ing day, this—that…人稱變化:根據(jù)句意改變?nèi)朔Q。十五.直接賓語(yǔ)/間接賓語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)直接賓語(yǔ)是及物動(dòng)詞的直接對(duì)象,間接賓語(yǔ)是及物動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作所涉及的人或事務(wù),也可以說(shuō)間接賓語(yǔ)表示動(dòng)作是對(duì)誰(shuí)做的,或者是為誰(shuí)做的。所以間接賓語(yǔ)要用名詞或者賓格代詞來(lái)?yè)?dān)當(dāng)。He gives me a book.me間接賓語(yǔ), a book直接賓語(yǔ)直接賓語(yǔ)和間接賓語(yǔ)的位置調(diào)換時(shí)要加一個(gè)介詞to或for主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+直接賓語(yǔ)+介詞+間接賓語(yǔ)Give me a book.Give the book to me.Send his a letter.Send a letter to him.Show him the new dress.Show the new dress to him.十六.從句:賓語(yǔ)從句,定語(yǔ)從句(限定性),表語(yǔ)從句,狀語(yǔ)從句(if引導(dǎo)的真實(shí)條件句)賓語(yǔ)從句:如果賓語(yǔ)從句的主句中的動(dòng)詞為過(guò)去時(shí),那么賓語(yǔ)從句中的時(shí)態(tài)要和主句統(tǒng)一;如果賓語(yǔ)從句為疑問(wèn)詞引導(dǎo),那么語(yǔ)序要用陳述語(yǔ)序,即主語(yǔ)在前,動(dòng)詞在后。定語(yǔ)從句:表語(yǔ)從句:狀語(yǔ)從句(if引導(dǎo)的真實(shí)條件句):主句用一般將來(lái)時(shí),從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)What will you do if you win a lot of money?If it rains tomorrow, I will stay at home.十七. 動(dòng)詞不定式做賓語(yǔ)及賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)的用法(詳細(xì)用法請(qǐng)見(jiàn)NECII)結(jié)構(gòu): to do,用法:可以做除謂語(yǔ)以外的所有成分,語(yǔ)法上稱之為非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。做賓語(yǔ):在一些動(dòng)詞后常用不定式做賓語(yǔ),例如:want, like, ask ,try…做賓補(bǔ):want sb. to do, ask sb. to do, like sb. to do…動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式過(guò)去式的讀音形容詞的比較級(jí)形容詞和副詞的最高級(jí)附錄: 代詞及be動(dòng)詞 名詞復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞的第三人稱單數(shù)形式動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞代詞及be動(dòng)詞第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)主格Iweyouyoushe/he/itthey賓格meusyouyouher/him/itthem代詞所有格myouryouryourher/his/itstheir名詞性代詞mineoursyoursyourshers/his/itstheirsbe動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在時(shí)Amareareareisarebe動(dòng)詞過(guò)去時(shí)waswerewerewerewaswere名詞的復(fù)數(shù)規(guī)則變化的名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式規(guī)則1一般情況+s. shell→shells toy→toys規(guī)則2以s, x, ch, sh結(jié)尾+es. fox→foxes church→churches規(guī)則3以o結(jié)尾s或+es. radio→radios potato→potatoes規(guī)則4以f, fe結(jié)尾的,變f, fe為ves. life→lives half→halves規(guī)則5以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾, 變y為i+es. sky→skies study→studies動(dòng)詞的第三人稱單數(shù)形式規(guī)則1一般情況+s. like—likes, looklooks規(guī)則2以s, x, ch, sh結(jié)尾+es. do—does, catchcatches規(guī)則5以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾, 變y為i+es. carry—carries, flyflies動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞規(guī)則一一般動(dòng)詞加ing. look—looking, read—reading, play—playing規(guī)則二以不發(fā)音的字母結(jié)尾的單詞去e加ing. make—making, take—taking, arrive—arriving規(guī)則三重讀閉音節(jié)詞結(jié)尾,即單詞中只有一個(gè)元音字母,其后緊跟一個(gè)輔音字母的詞,雙寫輔音字母再加inge. g. run—running, sit—sitting, get—getting, swim—swimming, stopstopping動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式規(guī)則動(dòng)詞變化規(guī)則一一般動(dòng)詞加ed. look—looked, watch—watched, playplayed規(guī)則二以e結(jié)尾的加d. make—maked, arrivearrived規(guī)則三以輔音字母加結(jié)尾的變y為i加edcry—cried, carrycarried規(guī)則四重讀閉音節(jié)詞結(jié)尾,即單詞中只有一個(gè)元音字母,其后緊跟一個(gè)輔音字母的詞,雙寫輔音字母再加edstop—stopped,過(guò)去式的讀音在清輔音后面(除外)讀/t/. walked, jumped在濁輔音和元音后讀/d/. washed, watched在/t/,/d/后讀/id/. waited, hated形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)比較級(jí)規(guī)則一一般加er. high—higher規(guī)則二以結(jié)尾加rnice—nicer規(guī)則三以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾,變y為i再加erbusy—busier,規(guī)則四重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾,雙寫輔音字母再加erfat—fatter,形容詞和副詞的最高級(jí)最高級(jí)規(guī)則一一般加est. high—highest規(guī)則二以結(jié)尾加stnice—nicet規(guī)則三以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾,變y為i再加estbusy—busiest規(guī)則四重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾,雙寫輔音字母再加estfat—fattest常見(jiàn)縮寫:is=’s I am=I’m are=’reis not=isn’t/ iznt/ are not=aren’t /a:nt/can not=can’thave=’vehas=’shave not=haven’thas not=hasn’twill=’ll will not=won’t shall not=shan’tdo not=don’tdoes not=doesn’t was=’s did not=didn’t23