【正文】 不定式”構(gòu)成。如： Tell him not to be late。 The policeman told the boys not to play in the street。 (4)動詞不定式和疑問句連用 動詞不定式虧和疑問句what，which，how，where，when等連用，構(gòu)成不定式短語。 如：The question is when to start。 I don39。t know where to go。 He showed me how to use a puter。 Nobody told us what to do。 (5)不帶to的情況 有一些動詞后用作賓語補足語的不定式通常不帶to，這種動詞有兩類；一類是感覺動詞，如see, hear，watch，feel，notice等，如： I saw him e。我看見他來了。 I heard him sing。我聽見他唱歌了。 另一類是某些使役動詞，如make，let，have等，如： Let him go。讓他走吧 They made the children work 12 hours a day。 他們強迫孩子們一天干12小時。 動詞help后的不定式可帶to，也可不帶to。 。(The Passive Voice) (1)主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài) 英語動詞有兩種語態(tài)，即主動語態(tài)(The Active Voice)和被動語態(tài)(The Passive Voice) Many people speak English.(主動語態(tài)) English is spoken by many people。(被動語態(tài)) (2)被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成 被動語態(tài)由“助動詞be+及物動詞的過去分詞”構(gòu)成。助動詞be有人稱，數(shù)和時態(tài)的變化，其變化 規(guī)則與be作為連系動詞時完全一樣。現(xiàn)以動詞ask為例子，將一般現(xiàn)在時和一般過去時被動語態(tài)的 肯定式，否定式及疑問式列表如下： 一般現(xiàn)在時 肯定式 I am asked…… You are asked…… He/She is asked…… We are asked…… You are asked…… They are asked…… 否定式 I am not asked…… You are not asked…… He/She is not asked…… We are not asked…… You are not asked…… They are not asked…… 疑問式 Am I asked……？ Are you asked……？ Is he/She asked……？ Are we asked……？ Are you asked……？ Are they asked……？ 一般過去時 肯定式 I was asked…… You were asked…… He/She was asked…… We were asked…… You were asked…… They were asked…… 否定式 I was not asked…… You were not asked…… He/She was not asked…… We were not asked…… You were not asked…… They were not asked…… 疑問式 was I asked……？ were you asked……？ was he/She asked……？ were we asked……？ were you asked……？ were they asked……？ (3)含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài) 含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)由“情態(tài)動詞+be+及物動詞的過去分詞”構(gòu)成。如： This bicycle can be mended in two hour。 This trees may be planted in spring。 The room must be kept clean。 The flowers should be watered often。 (4)被動語態(tài)的用法 當我們不知道誰是動作的執(zhí)行者，或者沒有必要指出誰是動作的執(zhí)行者時，或者只需強調(diào)動作的 承受者時，需要被動語態(tài)。如： This jacket is made of cotton。 English is spoken in Canada。 二、賓語從句(The Object Clause) 賓語從句在復(fù)合句中作主語的賓語，賓語從句通常作主語的賓語，賓語從句通常由下面一些詞引導(dǎo) (that在口語或非正式文體中常省略)，如： He said that he would like to see the headmaster. She said that she would leave a message on his desk . He knew that he should work hard . He said that he might fall behind the other students. He was afraid that he would forget his Chinese. ，如： Do you know what he has said ? I don39。t remember when we arrived ? I asked him where I could get so much money? Can you tell me which class you are in ? The children did not know who Father Christmas was. ( 口語中常用if) Lily wanted to knew if/wheher her grandma liked the handbag。 She asked me if she could borrow there books。 三、定語從句(The Attributive Clause) 在復(fù)合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫做定語從句，如： (1)The man who lives next to us is a policeman (2)You must do everything that I do . 上面兩句中的man和everything 是定語從句所修飾的詞，叫先行詞，定語從句放在先行詞的后面。 引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞有關(guān)系代詞what，which，who，(賓格whom，所有格whose)和關(guān)系副詞 where，when，關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞放在先行詞和定語從句之間，起聯(lián)系作用，同時又作定語從句的 一個成分。 由關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句 that在從句中作主語或賓語 指物 A plane is a machine that can fly。(作主語) The noodles that I cooked were delicious。(作賓語) 指人 Who is the man that is reading the book over there？(作主語) The girl that we saw yesterday was Jim39。s sister。(作賓語) which在從句中作主語和賓語。 指物 The silk which is produced in Hangzhou sells well。(作主語) The song which the Beatles sang were very popular。(作賓語) who，whom在從句中分別作主語和賓語 指人 The foreigner who visit our class yesterday is form Canada。(作主語) The boy who broke the window is called Roy。(作主語) The person to whom you just talked is Mr Li。(作賓語) Mrs Evans is the person to whom you should write。(作賓語) 四、狀語從句(Adverbial clause) 在復(fù)合句中，修飾主句的動詞，形容詞或副詞等的從句叫做狀語從句，狀語從句根據(jù)它表達的意思可分為 時間，原因，條件，比較，目的，結(jié)果和讓步等類。 時間 由as，after，as soon as，before，since，until，when，whenever，while等連詞引導(dǎo)。 As he explored the sea,he took a lot of picture. As soon as he arrived in France ,he called me. He has been in Shanghai since he was born. Don39。t e in until you are called. Whenever we39。re in truble,he39。ll help us . While I was watching TV,the bell rang. 原因 由as，because，since，等連詞引導(dǎo) I didn39。t go surfing,because it was too cold. As the car is expensive ,we can39。t buy it . Since he was busy ,he didn39。t e. 條件 由if，unless等連詞引導(dǎo) If you travel in India,you can use English everywhere. I won39。t pass the exam unless I work hard. 比較 由as(so)……as，than等引導(dǎo) Canoeing is not as(so) interesting as sailing (is). Li Lei swims better than Jim (does). 結(jié)果 由so……that，等引導(dǎo) He was so weak that he couldn39。t walk on. 目的 由so ，so that等引導(dǎo) We39。ll sit near the front so we can hear the speaker better. He sat in the dark so that he couldn39。t be seen. 讓步 由although，even though等引導(dǎo) Although the traffic was heavy ,we got to the railway station on time. Even though he is eighty,he looks strong and healthy.