【正文】 oice) (1)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有兩種語(yǔ)態(tài)，即主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)(The Active Voice)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)(The Passive Voice) Many people speak English.(主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)) English is spoken by many people。(被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)) (2)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)由“助動(dòng)詞be+及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成。助動(dòng)詞be有人稱，數(shù)和時(shí)態(tài)的變化，其變化 規(guī)則與be作為連系動(dòng)詞時(shí)完全一樣?，F(xiàn)以動(dòng)詞ask為例子，將一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的 肯定式，否定式及疑問(wèn)式列表如下： 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) 肯定式 I am asked…… You are asked…… He/She is asked…… We are asked…… You are asked…… They are asked…… 否定式 I am not asked…… You are not asked…… He/She is not asked…… We are not asked…… You are not asked…… They are not asked…… 疑問(wèn)式 Am I asked……？ Are you asked……？ Is he/She asked……？ Are we asked……？ Are you asked……？ Are they asked……？ 一般過(guò)去時(shí) 肯定式 I was asked…… You were asked…… He/She was asked…… We were asked…… You were asked…… They were asked…… 否定式 I was not asked…… You were not asked…… He/She was not asked…… We were not asked…… You were not asked…… They were not asked…… 疑問(wèn)式 was I asked……？ were you asked……？ was he/She asked……？ were we asked……？ were you asked……？ were they asked……？ (3)含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)由“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成。如： This bicycle can be mended in two hour。 This trees may be planted in spring。 The room must be kept clean。 The flowers should be watered often。 (4)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法 當(dāng)我們不知道誰(shuí)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，或者沒(méi)有必要指出誰(shuí)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)，或者只需強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的 承受者時(shí)，需要被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。如： This jacket is made of cotton。 English is spoken in Canada。 二、賓語(yǔ)從句(The Object Clause) 賓語(yǔ)從句在復(fù)合句中作主語(yǔ)的賓語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)從句通常作主語(yǔ)的賓語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)從句通常由下面一些詞引導(dǎo) (that在口語(yǔ)或非正式文體中常省略)，如： He said that he would like to see the headmaster. She said that she would leave a message on his desk . He knew that he should work hard . He said that he might fall behind the other students. He was afraid that he would forget his Chinese. ，如： Do you know what he has said ? I don39。t remember when we arrived ? I asked him where I could get so much money? Can you tell me which class you are in ? The children did not know who Father Christmas was. ( 口語(yǔ)中常用if) Lily wanted to knew if/wheher her grandma liked the handbag。 She asked me if she could borrow there books。 三、定語(yǔ)從句(The Attributive Clause) 在復(fù)合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫做定語(yǔ)從句，如： (1)The man who lives next to us is a policeman (2)You must do everything that I do . 上面兩句中的man和everything 是定語(yǔ)從句所修飾的詞，叫先行詞，定語(yǔ)從句放在先行詞的后面。 引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的詞有關(guān)系代詞what，which，who，(賓格whom，所有格whose)和關(guān)系副詞 where，when，關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞放在先行詞和定語(yǔ)從句之間，起聯(lián)系作用，同時(shí)又作定語(yǔ)從句的 一個(gè)成分。 由關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句 that在從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ) 指物 A plane is a machine that can fly。(作主語(yǔ)) The noodles that I cooked were delicious。(作賓語(yǔ)) 指人 Who is the man that is reading the book over there？(作主語(yǔ)) The girl that we saw yesterday was Jim39。s sister。(作賓語(yǔ)) which在從句中作主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)。 指物 The silk which is produced in Hangzhou sells well。(作主語(yǔ)) The song which the Beatles sang were very popular。(作賓語(yǔ)) who，whom在從句中分別作主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ) 指人 The foreigner who visit our class yesterday is form Canada。(作主語(yǔ)) The boy who broke the window is called Roy。(作主語(yǔ)) The person to whom you just talked is Mr Li。(作賓語(yǔ)) Mrs Evans is the person to whom you should write。(作賓語(yǔ)) 四、狀語(yǔ)從句(Adverbial clause) 在復(fù)合句中，修飾主句的動(dòng)詞，形容詞或副詞等的從句叫做狀語(yǔ)從句，狀語(yǔ)從句根據(jù)它表達(dá)的意思可分為 時(shí)間，原因，條件，比較，目的，結(jié)果和讓步等類。 時(shí)間 由as，after，as soon as，before，since，until，when，whenever，while等連詞引導(dǎo)。 As he explored the sea,he took a lot of picture. As soon as he arrived in France ,he called me. He has been in Shanghai since he was born. Don39。t e in until you are called. Whenever we39。re in truble,he39。ll help us . While I was watching TV,the bell rang. 原因 由as，because，since，等連詞引導(dǎo) I didn39。t go surfing,because it was too cold. As the car is expensive ,we can39。t buy it . Since he was busy ,he didn39。t e. 條件 由if，unless等連詞引導(dǎo) If you travel in India,you can use English everywhere. I won39。t pass the exam unless I work hard. 比較 由as(so)……as，than等引導(dǎo) Canoeing is not as(so) interesting as sailing (is). Li Lei swims better than Jim (does). 結(jié)果 由so……that，等引導(dǎo) He was so weak that he couldn39。t walk on. 目的 由so ，so that等引導(dǎo) We39。ll sit near the front so we can hear the speaker better. He sat in the dark so that he couldn39。t be seen. 讓步 由although，even though等引導(dǎo) Although the traffic was heavy ,we got to the railway station on time. Even though he is eighty,he looks strong and healthy. 升初語(yǔ)法中的反意疑問(wèn)句英語(yǔ)網(wǎng)| 20140813分享到：　　反意疑問(wèn)句是疑問(wèn)句中的一個(gè)難點(diǎn)，小升初英語(yǔ)考試中，一般以填空或者選擇的形式，讓孩子把反意疑問(wèn)句后半句補(bǔ)充完整，從而來(lái)考察孩子對(duì)反意疑問(wèn)句的掌握。反意疑問(wèn)句的特點(diǎn)是：前肯后否，前否后肯?！　》戳x疑問(wèn)句順口溜：　　反意疑問(wèn)真好變，前后肯否相反地?！　∮星橐们榧又?，有be要用be加主。　　若是無(wú)情又無(wú)be，要用do主來(lái)代替?！　et s go特殊記，Shall we 提前要牢記?！　】隙ㄓh翻譯同，否定英漢翻譯異?！　∑硎咕浜头戳x疑問(wèn)句結(jié)合起來(lái)應(yīng)用的幾種形式：　　　　Do me a favor, will you?　　注意：Do me a favor是祈使句，后面跟了will you?，就是反意疑問(wèn)句了。　　　　Have a cup of tea ,won t you?　　　　Stop talking ,can t you?　　　　Don t cry, will you?　　 s 與Let us　　let s包括說(shuō)話對(duì)方。Let s go, shall we?　　Let us 不包括說(shuō)話對(duì)方。 Let us go first, will you?19