【正文】 I was in Grade Three last term.I wasn’t in Grade Two last term.Which grade were you in?②當(dāng)動(dòng)詞為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞時(shí)，用動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式，過(guò)去式的變化有規(guī)則和不規(guī)則變化。規(guī)則變化如下：變化規(guī)則例詞一般情況在詞尾加edworked以e結(jié)尾的在詞尾加dusedlived以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的，變y為i再加edstudiedcarried重讀閉音節(jié)末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的，雙寫此輔音字母再加edstoppedfitted動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式的不規(guī)則變化需要逐個(gè)記憶。見(jiàn)初三教材后的不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞變化形式表。go wentbegin begansleep sleptrun ranI heard the good news just now.The twins didn’t go to school last weekDid you see the film yesterday ?（2）一般過(guò)去時(shí)的用法①表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)間或一段時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。常和表示過(guò)去的狀語(yǔ)連用：yesterday, last week, a minute ago, in 1998, just now, in those days等。例如：They had a baby last month.My mother was ill yesterday.He went out just now.②用于since引導(dǎo)的從句，主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞如果用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，since引導(dǎo)的從句一般要用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。如：He has worked in the factory since it opened in 1990.You haven’t changed much since we last met.注意：：yesterday, last night(week, year, month, Sunday), then, at that time, just now, a few days(weeks, months) , before, when, while引導(dǎo)的的表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。b.一般過(guò)去時(shí)可以用來(lái)表示現(xiàn)在的時(shí)間， 這主要用于日常會(huì)話，使用的語(yǔ)氣較為婉轉(zhuǎn)客氣。如：I wanted to ask if I could borrow your bike.第十七課時(shí)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)（三）教學(xué)重點(diǎn)一般將來(lái)時(shí)過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)一般將來(lái)時(shí)（1）一般將來(lái)時(shí)表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。常與表示將來(lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用：tomorrow, next week, next month, in a few days, from now on。如I’m going to visit the museum this Sunday.I’ll be there in half an hour.We’ll arrive tomorrow.（2）一般將來(lái)時(shí)的構(gòu)成①be going to +動(dòng)詞原形。Be隨主語(yǔ)人稱和數(shù)的變化而變化，否定句在be后面加not,疑問(wèn)句是將be放到主語(yǔ)之后。例如：It’s going to be fine tomorrow.He isn’t going to speak at the meeting.What are you going to do next?②will +動(dòng)詞原形。Will可以和各種人稱及數(shù)的主語(yǔ)連用。否定句在will后加not,縮寫成won’t，疑問(wèn)句需將will提至主語(yǔ)之前。例如：We will have a basketball match next week.Will you e to the party?I son’t lend it to you.③shall+ 動(dòng)詞原形。此結(jié)構(gòu)常用于主語(yǔ)為第人稱I / we的句中，疑問(wèn)句表示提建議或征求意見(jiàn)。如：When and where shall we meet ?Shall I turn on the TV ?（3）一般將來(lái)時(shí)的基本用法。①“be going to +動(dòng)詞原形”表示“意圖”，即打算、計(jì)劃要做某事。如：Are you going to post the letter ?How long is he going to stay here ?②“be going to +動(dòng)詞原形”還可以表示“預(yù)見(jiàn)”，即現(xiàn)在已有跡象表明將要發(fā)生的事。如：There are a lot of clouds. It’s going to rain.It’s 7:50. I’m going to be late.③“will +動(dòng)詞原形”表示客觀上要發(fā)生的事或表示“帶意愿色彩的將來(lái)”。如：He will help you if you ask him.They will e back tomorrow.過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)表示在過(guò)去將來(lái)的某一時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。常用于賓語(yǔ)從句中。其結(jié)構(gòu)與一般將來(lái)時(shí)類似，只需將助動(dòng)詞改為過(guò)去式。am/ is/ are going to +動(dòng)詞原形→was/ were going to +動(dòng)詞原形will +動(dòng)詞原形→would+動(dòng)詞原形should +動(dòng)詞原形 →should+ 動(dòng)詞原形例如：You knew I would e.He asked me when he would see me again.Jim said he was going to see his friend the next day.第十八課時(shí) 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)（四）教學(xué)重點(diǎn)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)（1）現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在或現(xiàn)階段正在發(fā)生或進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。它是由“be +動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞”構(gòu)成。其否定句是在be之后加not。疑問(wèn)句則將be提到主語(yǔ)之前。（1）現(xiàn)在分詞的構(gòu)成變化規(guī)則例詞一般情況直接加ingdo—doing help helping以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的，去e加ingtaketaking have having重讀閉音節(jié)末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的，雙寫此輔音字母再加ingstop stopping set settingbeginbeginning dropdropping（3）現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法。①表示說(shuō)話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。如：What are you doing ?Who are you waiting for ?I’m cooking②表示現(xiàn)階段一直在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，但說(shuō)話時(shí)不一定在進(jìn)行。如：He is working in a is translating look now.③表示不斷重復(fù)的動(dòng)作。如：The boy is always asking some strange questions.The children are singing and dancing.④表示位置移動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞，可以用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將要發(fā)生的事。如go, e, leave, fly, start等。如：When are you starting ?I’m leaving tomorrow.過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)常和表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。如：this time yesterday, at that time, then, last night, at 9:00 yesterday, all night等。其構(gòu)成和現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)類似，只需將be變?yōu)橄鄳?yīng)的過(guò)去式：was/ were+ 動(dòng)詞ing。如：What were you doing this time yesterday ?When I was watering the garden, it began to rain.I was watching TV.I was writing while my mother was cooking.教學(xué)難點(diǎn)：①過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示一個(gè)過(guò)去的動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)或發(fā)生之后，另一個(gè)過(guò)去的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)也可用來(lái)表示過(guò)去一段時(shí)間內(nèi)持續(xù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。如：When I was watering the garden, it began to rain.當(dāng)我在花園澆水時(shí)，突然下雨了。While we were having a party, the lights went out.②過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)還可以表示兩個(gè)過(guò)去的動(dòng)作同時(shí)進(jìn)行，這時(shí)可用連接詞while引導(dǎo)。如：George was reading while his wife was listening to the radio.③“was going +不定式”表示過(guò)去打算。如He was going to be our team 。④過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)與一般過(guò)去的區(qū)別過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示在過(guò)去一段時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，而一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示一個(gè)完成的動(dòng)作。如：I was typing letters last night.I typed some letters last night.第十九課時(shí)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)（五）教學(xué)重點(diǎn)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)（一）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)（1）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示某個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去，但對(duì)現(xiàn)在有影響（或結(jié)果），這個(gè)動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)可能已經(jīng)結(jié)束，也可能還要持續(xù)下去。其構(gòu)成形式是：have/ has +動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞否定句在have/ has后加not→haven’t/ hasn’t疑問(wèn)句要將have/ has放到主語(yǔ)之前。（2）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法。①表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響和結(jié)果。常用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有：already, yet, ever, never, just等。如：I have already finished the work.Have you ever been to Beijing?He has never seen such a nice car.②表示過(guò)去已經(jīng)開(kāi)始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。往往和表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。如：for +時(shí)間段；since+ 時(shí)間點(diǎn)（表時(shí)間段）；時(shí)間段+ago；一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。如：I have taught in this school for ten years.I have taught in this school since ten years ago.③for和since引導(dǎo)的短語(yǔ)都表示“一段時(shí)間”，所以謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，不能用非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞表示該動(dòng)詞可以延續(xù)一段時(shí)間，如：live, work, study, teach, stay等，非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞是指該動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作不能持續(xù)，是短暫的、瞬間完成的，如：borrow, e, arrive, get, leave, die等。許多非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞可以用意思相同或相近的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞來(lái)表示：leave be away fromarrive be ingo be awaye be in / atfinish be overbuy haveborrow keepdie be deadjoin be in/be a member ofbegin be on如：He has goneHe has been away for an hourIhave bought a watchI have had the watch for several days④have/ has been to和have/ has gone tohave/ has been to：曾去過(guò)have/ has gone to：已去，去了（不在說(shuō)話現(xiàn)場(chǎng)，在途中或已經(jīng)到達(dá)）My mother has been to My mother has gone to （3）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)的用法比較①一般過(guò)去時(shí)只單純表示過(guò)去，和現(xiàn)在不發(fā)生聯(lián)系，它可以和確定的表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示某一完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是現(xiàn)在的情況，所以不能和確定的過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。如：We have visited the farm（現(xiàn)在對(duì)農(nóng)場(chǎng)有所了解）We visited the farm last week（說(shuō)明上周參觀農(nóng)場(chǎng)這件事）②如果詢問(wèn)某事發(fā)生的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)只能用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。如：When did you lose your cat ?I lost it last found it in the garden.第二十課時(shí)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)（六）教學(xué)重點(diǎn)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)（二） 過(guò)去完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)難點(diǎn)：①由since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，它們的主句通常使用完成時(shí)態(tài)。He has taught English since 1970.It has been a long time since I last saw you.②只有在It is …since…這種結(jié)構(gòu)中，主句的謂語(yǔ)才可用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)或一般過(guò)去時(shí)。如：It’s ten years since I left school.It’s a long time since I saw you last.③表示短暫性的動(dòng)詞不能與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用，這類動(dòng)詞有：begin, borrow, buy, close, e, die, fall, find, finish,join, kill, lend, leave, sell, start, stop等，如：不能說(shuō)：His father has died for three years.只能說(shuō)：His father died thr