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分析海明威一個干凈明亮的地方中的虛無主義英語論文-資料下載頁

2025-04-06 12:19本頁面
  

【正文】 and he even does not realize that he lives in nada.A. The Background of the Young Waiter’s GrowingThe young waiter in A Clean, Welllighted Place is probably in his twenties or early thirties, when he has not experienced much in life and is kind of naive and shallow. So he sees things just from the surface and does not bother to go deep and explore the interior meaning. Most of his conceptions are formed in the 1920s in his teenage years (since the story is written in1933, the 1920s should be the young waiter’s teenage years). Since the 1920s is a special period of time sandwiched between two events of great historic importance, the First World War and the Great Depression, it is very important in one way or another. The United States of American participated in the First World War in 1917, seven months before it came to an end. During the first two or three years of the war, the Americans made large amounts of money by supplying ammunition and supplies to other powers involved in the war.After the war ended, American got a lot richer as a whole and it seems in the Americans’ eyes that there was money everywhere. And there appeared an economic boom since there were many new industries booming. People are allowed to buy things on hirepurchase which enables people to buy things that they don’t have to pay in one go, but by paying for several times with interest. But hirepurchase is easy to make people get into debt without any real plans for the future. This made nearly all the goods affordable, even the factory workers and shoeshining boys seemed to have a lot of money to spend. And people invest as much as they could in the stock market in Wall Street, hoping to make much more money. But in 1929, the Wall Street Crash took place and ended the illusionary era. As the Great Depression spread worldwide, it brought bloom and hardship everywhere. The great American writer Mark Twain wrote The Gilded Age to satirize the moneypursuing rocking twenties.The 1920s is an age of industrialization and urbanization for the Americans. There are lots of inventions that make people’s life more convenient and easier. New industries emerged to cater for their needs, so there are more people engaged in new jobs. Also, the social tradition is changing. For example, the wearing of girls is much shorter. They take up smoking, drinking and dancing wildly. Fitzgerald called them “flappers” of the “Jazz Age” in one of his books. The society is also going through a series of changes and reform movements. There appear many different political parties and the Ku Klux Klan has done the most at racial persecution. The whole society is anarchy and in chaos.Meanwhile, the loss of faith makes the condition even worse. With Darwin’s theories of evolution and the development of modern science, people find it hard to hold on to a belief, especially after the German philosopher’s declaring of the death of God. Without faith, men cannot pull their feelings and thoughts together. They feel the world they live in is chaotic, fragmented, and disjunctive. They live without feelings of security, hope and happiness. In a word, people find themselves living in a spiritual wasteland. T. S. Elliot wrote Waste Land which revealed the spiritual impotent of that generation. The 1920s is, as Malcolm Cowley put it, “not so much a historical period as a legend of glitter, of reckless, and of talent in such profusion that it was sown broadcast like wild oats.”O(jiān)n such social conditions, the young ones grow up with a belief that life is to enjoy themselves, whether it is by heavy drinking, smoking, wild dancing, violence and drugs, or anything else. They no longer care about others, nor do they care about tomorrow. They live like the young people who often take part in parties whose host they do not know in The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald. Some existentialists claim that God is dead. They have lost their belief, or that they don’t have beliefs. They just care for today and today’s pleasure. So is the young waiter in A Clean, Welllighted Place. He does not care about the old man’s needing of a clean, welllighted place, nor does he care about the older waiter’s uneasiness about nada, but only eager to get home for his wife.B. The Younger Waiter’s Attitude towards NadaAs the old waiter said to the young waiter in the story, “you have youth, confidence, and a job”, “you have everything.” Does he really have everything? Or he just selfassumes that he has what the social encourages, a job and home. We can find an answer through the conversation between him and the older waiter.“Last week he tried to mit suicide,” one waiter said.“Why?”“He was in despair.”“About what?”“Nothing.”“How do you know it was nothing?”“He has plenty of money.”4Though in academia, there has no consensus on which waiter said which line, most researchers and professors who study Hemingway agree that the last line of the quoted conversation is said by the younger waiter. When he talks to the older waiter about the old man’s suicide, he thinks it is nothing to mit suicide because the old man has plenty of money, which indicates that in his point of view, with money, one could live a fortable, meaningful life. This also shows that he pursuits money. He has no idea about what is a meaningful life and how to live a meaningful life. What he cares now is money that can meet his material needs.But in a economicbroken society, that is under the worldwide influence of American’s Great Depression, people in Spanish lives the same life that Americans do. So money seems especially essential when people are in a economicbroken society. The younger waiter does such a tedious, weary job, obvious to meet his financial needs. What he perceives as pleasure is identified as his wife, home and a job to pay the bills, which is approved by society because his life involves a social factor (a wife) and a material factor (a billpaying job). S
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