【正文】 odels, perhaps with slight variations in the modeling parameters or the inputs. This can be automated using mandline arguments, avoiding the repetition of having to click and type at the program interface. The mand line arguments can either be given from a mand window (. shell), or they can defined in a batch file. Take a look at the file “” (for example, using Notepad). It contains the following line:java mx512m jar environmentallayers=layers togglelayertype=ecoreg samplesfile=samples\ outputdirectory=outputs redoifexists autorunThe effect is to tell the program where to find environmental layers and samples file and where to put outputs, to indicate that the ecoreg variable is categorical. The “autorun” flag tells the program to start running immediately, without waiting for the “Run” button to be pushed. Now try clicking on the file, to see what it does.Many aspects of the Maxent program can be controlled by mandline arguments – press the “Help” button to see all the possibilities. Multiple runs can appear in the same file, and they will simply be run one after the other. You can change the default values of most parameters by adding mandline arguments to the “” file.Regularization. The “regularization multiplier” parameter on the “settings” panel affects how focused the output distribution is – a smaller value will result in a more localized output distribution that fits the given presence records better, but is more prone to overfitting. A larger value will give a more spreadout prediction. Try changing the multiplier, and look at the pictures produced. As an example, setting the multiplier to 3 makes the following picture, showing a much more diffuse distribution than before:ProjectingA model trained on one set of environmental layers can be “projected” by applying it to another set of environmental layers. Situations where projections are needed include modeling species distributions under changing climate conditions, and modeling invasive species. Here we’re going to use projection for a very simple task: making an output grid and associated picture when the samples and background are in SWD format. Type or browse in the samples file entry to point to the file “swd\”, and similarly for the environmental layers in “swd\”, then enter the “l(fā)ayers” directory in the “Projection Layers Directory”, as pictured below. When you press “Run”, a model is trained on the SWD data, and then projected onto the full grids in the “l(fā)ayers” directory. The output grid is called “”, and in general, the projection directory name is appended to the species name, in order to distinguish it from the standard (unprojected) output. If “make pictures of predictions” is selected, a picture of the projected model will appear in the “” file.NOTE: ascii files can be converted into ESRI Grids by using the Ascii to Raster grid mand in ArcToolbox. Your assignment is to convert the ascii file into a grid format, display it in ArcMap and create a map layout. Provide an appropriate legend showing the probabilities. Print it out and turn in to class next week. 12