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? Exploration of gastric cavity Key points ? Endoscopy is the optimal investigation almost irrespective of the source of bleeding. Key points ? Peptic ulcer: account for 50% of cases of uGIH, ? Bleeding from peptic ulcer: first presentation in 10% – 15% of theses cases Key points ? 80% of bleeding ulcer can stop spontaneously, and the risk factors for poor prognosis are: ? Recurrent of massive hematemesis ? Age 60 years( Arteriosclerosis ) ? Presence of orbid diseases ? Onset of GI bleeding after hospital admission for another medical condition。 and ? coagulopathy Key points ? Bleeding from gastroesophageal varices is likely to recur and leads to death during the original admission. ? Endoscopic sclerotherapy is the mainstay of treatment. ? About 188。 of bleeding in portal hypertension is caused by portal hypertensive gastropathy. Key points ? Erosive gastritis is monly druginduced and selflimiting Thank you! HPB Hospital, Sun Yatsen Universit