【正文】 en if, however.Although she was tired, she kept on working.(4) 連接原因狀語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞有：as, because, since, now that,He was absent because he was ill.(5) 連接目的狀語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞有：that, so that, in order that.He raised his voice so that we could hear him.(6) 連接條件狀語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞有：if, unless, once, in case.You’ll miss the train unless you hurry up. (7) 連接結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞有：so…that, such…that.He came so late that he missed the class.(8) 連接比較狀語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞有：as…as…, not so…as…, less(more)…than, the …the…This is more than I can accept.(9) 連接方式狀語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞有：as, as ifIt looks as if it was going to rain.第十一課時(shí) 動(dòng) 詞（一）一、知識(shí)概述在英語(yǔ)中，每個(gè)句子必須有一個(gè)動(dòng)詞來(lái)?yè)?dān)當(dāng)謂語(yǔ)。說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)“是什么”或“做什么”，動(dòng)詞是表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的詞。動(dòng)詞和名詞、代詞一樣，有人稱(chēng)和數(shù)的變化。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的人稱(chēng)和數(shù)一般要與主語(yǔ)的人稱(chēng)和數(shù)保持一致。學(xué)好了英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞相當(dāng)于學(xué)好了一半的英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法，可見(jiàn)英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的重要性。在初中英語(yǔ)中，動(dòng)詞的分類(lèi)、動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)以及動(dòng)詞的各種形式之間的聯(lián)系，非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的構(gòu)成、用法等等貫穿整個(gè)初中課本，包括英語(yǔ)句型都離不開(kāi)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)或語(yǔ)態(tài)，因此在學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)特別要注意英語(yǔ)中時(shí)態(tài)的運(yùn)用和語(yǔ)態(tài)之間的區(qū)別。二、動(dòng)詞的分類(lèi)及作用按照動(dòng)詞的詞義和在句中的作用，英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可分為行為動(dòng)詞（又叫實(shí)義動(dòng)詞）、連系動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。行為動(dòng)詞表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，能獨(dú)立作謂語(yǔ)。如：She took pictures of treesHe is typing letters.行為動(dòng)詞又分為及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞。（1）及物動(dòng)詞及物動(dòng)詞后面必須跟賓語(yǔ)，意思才完整。I enjoyed the film very muchI gave the child another piece of cake.常見(jiàn)的能帶兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：bring, build, buy, cook, cut, draw, find, get, hand, leave, lend, make, offer, pass, pay, read, return, sell, show, teach, tell, write, etc.（2）不及物動(dòng)詞本身詞義完整，后面不要求跟賓語(yǔ)。如：Horses run fast.They work in a factory.She curled up in bed and began her book.連系動(dòng)詞（1）本身有詞義，不能在句子中單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)，必須和表語(yǔ)一起構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)。常見(jiàn)的連系動(dòng)詞有：be, look, get, feel, sound, turn, smell, taste, bee.My father is an engineer.My brother has bee a doctor.It seems that he was a millionaire.I don’t feel very well today.（2）表示感覺(jué)知覺(jué)的動(dòng)詞可以是連系動(dòng)詞，如feel, touch, sound, smell.I can smell the sea.The customs officer looked carefully at their suitcases.I feel a pain in the arm.She looked worried about it.動(dòng)詞與介詞的固定搭配動(dòng)詞與介詞的搭配主要指下列兩種形式：（1）動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+介詞The song always reminds me of my school days.Parents usually expect a lot of their children.I often take her for her sister.He hide everything from me.The headmaster praised the boy for his courage.They supplied people with enough food and drink.They presented us with a lot of flowers.The man was charged with mueder.（2）動(dòng)詞+反身代詞+介詞dress oneself in。 prepare oneself forgive oneself to pride oneself onHe gives himself to pop music.She always dresses herself in white.第十二課時(shí) 動(dòng) 詞（二）一、動(dòng)詞的形式大多數(shù)動(dòng)詞有四種基本形式：現(xiàn)在式；過(guò)去式；過(guò)去分詞；現(xiàn)在分詞；現(xiàn)在式是字典中所給的形式，也可稱(chēng)為動(dòng)詞原形。按照動(dòng)詞各種形式的構(gòu)成方法，動(dòng)詞可分為規(guī)則動(dòng)詞和不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞兩類(lèi)。第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)形式；加s的規(guī)則動(dòng)詞一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)單數(shù)第三人稱(chēng)形式的構(gòu)成和名詞復(fù)數(shù)的構(gòu)成法及讀音完全一樣。情 況變化形式例詞一般情況加shelps makes gets以s,x,ch,sh,o結(jié)尾的名詞加esguesses fixes goes washes以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的名詞變y為i, 加esflies cries tries studies動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞：構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞ed形式的規(guī)則。（1）規(guī)則變化的過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞的構(gòu)成是一樣的。都加ed。構(gòu)成規(guī)則動(dòng)詞原形變化后一般在動(dòng)詞原形末尾加edlook play looked played結(jié)尾是e的動(dòng)詞加dlive hope lived hoped 以輔音字母加y的動(dòng)詞，改y為i加edstudy carry studied carried 重讀閉音節(jié)的，又寫(xiě)最后一個(gè)輔音字母，再加edstop drop fit stopped dropped fitted （2）不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式及過(guò)去分詞的形式是不規(guī)則的，可以查不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞變化形式表。① 有些動(dòng)詞的三種形式一樣。如：bet 。 burst。 cast。 cost。cut。 hit。 hurt。 let。 read。 shut。 spread② 下面是一些易誤用的不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞bear, bore, born bite, bit, bitten blow, blew, blowndraw, drew, drawn drink, drank, drunk eat, ate, eatenfly, flew, flown hide, hid, hidden lend, lent, lentmean, meant, meant ride, rode, ridden rise, rose, risenshake, shook, shaken swim, swam, swum tear, tore, tornthrow, threw, thrown wear, wore, worn英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞，一般在動(dòng)詞末尾加ing。規(guī) 則變化形式例 詞一般情況加inggoing asking以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的去e,再加ingwriting closing以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的雙寫(xiě)最后一個(gè)輔音字母，再加inggetting beginning以ie結(jié)尾的先將ie變?yōu)閥，再加ingdying lying tying第十三課時(shí) 動(dòng) 詞（三）教學(xué)重點(diǎn)一、助動(dòng)詞助動(dòng)詞本身沒(méi)有詞義，不能單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)，只能和主要?jiǎng)釉~一起構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，表示否定、疑問(wèn)、時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)等語(yǔ)法形式，或用來(lái)加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣。常用的助動(dòng)詞有:be, do, have, shall, will等。它們的具體用法如下：（1）助動(dòng)詞beA. 可用于構(gòu)成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)She is doing her homework now.I asked him what he had been doing all afternoon.B. 可用于構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)The baby was put in bed b