【正文】 en if, however.Although she was tired, she kept on working.(4) 連接原因狀語從句的從屬連詞有：as, because, since, now that,He was absent because he was ill.(5) 連接目的狀語從句的從屬連詞有：that, so that, in order that.He raised his voice so that we could hear him.(6) 連接條件狀語從句的從屬連詞有：if, unless, once, in case.You’ll miss the train unless you hurry up. (7) 連接結(jié)果狀語從句的從屬連詞有：so…that, such…that.He came so late that he missed the class.(8) 連接比較狀語從句的從屬連詞有：as…as…, not so…as…, less(more)…than, the …the…This is more than I can accept.(9) 連接方式狀語從句的從屬連詞有：as, as ifIt looks as if it was going to rain.第十一課時 動 詞（一）一、知識概述在英語中，每個句子必須有一個動詞來擔(dān)當(dāng)謂語。說明主語“是什么”或“做什么”，動詞是表示動作或狀態(tài)的詞。動詞和名詞、代詞一樣，有人稱和數(shù)的變化。謂語動詞的人稱和數(shù)一般要與主語的人稱和數(shù)保持一致。學(xué)好了英語動詞相當(dāng)于學(xué)好了一半的英語語法，可見英語動詞的重要性。在初中英語中，動詞的分類、動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)以及動詞的各種形式之間的聯(lián)系，非謂語動詞的構(gòu)成、用法等等貫穿整個初中課本，包括英語句型都離不開動詞時態(tài)或語態(tài)，因此在學(xué)習(xí)時特別要注意英語中時態(tài)的運(yùn)用和語態(tài)之間的區(qū)別。二、動詞的分類及作用按照動詞的詞義和在句中的作用，英語動詞可分為行為動詞（又叫實(shí)義動詞）、連系動詞、助動詞和情態(tài)動詞。行為動詞表示動作或狀態(tài)，能獨(dú)立作謂語。如：She took pictures of treesHe is typing letters.行為動詞又分為及物動詞和不及物動詞。（1）及物動詞及物動詞后面必須跟賓語，意思才完整。I enjoyed the film very muchI gave the child another piece of cake.常見的能帶兩個賓語的動詞有：bring, build, buy, cook, cut, draw, find, get, hand, leave, lend, make, offer, pass, pay, read, return, sell, show, teach, tell, write, etc.（2）不及物動詞本身詞義完整，后面不要求跟賓語。如：Horses run fast.They work in a factory.She curled up in bed and began her book.連系動詞（1）本身有詞義，不能在句子中單獨(dú)作謂語，必須和表語一起構(gòu)成謂語。常見的連系動詞有：be, look, get, feel, sound, turn, smell, taste, bee.My father is an engineer.My brother has bee a doctor.It seems that he was a millionaire.I don’t feel very well today.（2）表示感覺知覺的動詞可以是連系動詞，如feel, touch, sound, smell.I can smell the sea.The customs officer looked carefully at their suitcases.I feel a pain in the arm.She looked worried about it.動詞與介詞的固定搭配動詞與介詞的搭配主要指下列兩種形式：（1）動詞+賓語+介詞The song always reminds me of my school days.Parents usually expect a lot of their children.I often take her for her sister.He hide everything from me.The headmaster praised the boy for his courage.They supplied people with enough food and drink.They presented us with a lot of flowers.The man was charged with mueder.（2）動詞+反身代詞+介詞dress oneself in。 prepare oneself forgive oneself to pride oneself onHe gives himself to pop music.She always dresses herself in white.第十二課時 動 詞（二）一、動詞的形式大多數(shù)動詞有四種基本形式：現(xiàn)在式；過去式；過去分詞；現(xiàn)在分詞；現(xiàn)在式是字典中所給的形式，也可稱為動詞原形。按照動詞各種形式的構(gòu)成方法，動詞可分為規(guī)則動詞和不規(guī)則動詞兩類。第三人稱單數(shù)形式；加s的規(guī)則動詞一般現(xiàn)在時單數(shù)第三人稱形式的構(gòu)成和名詞復(fù)數(shù)的構(gòu)成法及讀音完全一樣。情 況變化形式例詞一般情況加shelps makes gets以s,x,ch,sh,o結(jié)尾的名詞加esguesses fixes goes washes以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的名詞變y為i, 加esflies cries tries studies動詞的過去式和過去分詞：構(gòu)成動詞ed形式的規(guī)則。（1）規(guī)則變化的過去式和過去分詞的構(gòu)成是一樣的。都加ed。構(gòu)成規(guī)則動詞原形變化后一般在動詞原形末尾加edlook play looked played結(jié)尾是e的動詞加dlive hope lived hoped 以輔音字母加y的動詞，改y為i加edstudy carry studied carried 重讀閉音節(jié)的，又寫最后一個輔音字母，再加edstop drop fit stopped dropped fitted （2）不規(guī)則動詞的過去式及過去分詞的形式是不規(guī)則的，可以查不規(guī)則動詞變化形式表。① 有些動詞的三種形式一樣。如：bet 。 burst。 cast。 cost。cut。 hit。 hurt。 let。 read。 shut。 spread② 下面是一些易誤用的不規(guī)則動詞bear, bore, born bite, bit, bitten blow, blew, blowndraw, drew, drawn drink, drank, drunk eat, ate, eatenfly, flew, flown hide, hid, hidden lend, lent, lentmean, meant, meant ride, rode, ridden rise, rose, risenshake, shook, shaken swim, swam, swum tear, tore, tornthrow, threw, thrown wear, wore, worn英語動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞，一般在動詞末尾加ing。規(guī) 則變化形式例 詞一般情況加inggoing asking以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的去e,再加ingwriting closing以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的雙寫最后一個輔音字母，再加inggetting beginning以ie結(jié)尾的先將ie變?yōu)閥，再加ingdying lying tying第十三課時 動 詞（三）教學(xué)重點(diǎn)一、助動詞助動詞本身沒有詞義，不能單獨(dú)作謂語，只能和主要動詞一起構(gòu)成謂語動詞，表示否定、疑問、時態(tài)、語態(tài)等語法形式，或用來加強(qiáng)語氣。常用的助動詞有:be, do, have, shall, will等。它們的具體用法如下：（1）助動詞beA. 可用于構(gòu)成進(jìn)行時態(tài)She is doing her homework now.I asked him what he had been doing all afternoon.B. 可用于構(gòu)成被動語態(tài)The baby was put in bed b