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【導(dǎo)讀】Introduction,(Doverpublication). principles…show…h(huán)owmen,barelybytheuseof. ”。ARationalistclaim(Descartes)wouldbethat. birth.AnEmpiricistclaim(Locke)wouldargue. Infinity.additions…”。assent…”。Take,asanexample,thelawof. assent…for,first,itisevident,thatall. Infantscount
【正文】 the mechanism for learning ? I believe children learn and develop through disequilibrium Piaget Rebuttal ? I can describe learning and development in ? Child development (ontogeny) ? History of disciplines (Piaget amp。 Garcia。 Kuhn) ? My system allows me to describe two disparate developments: ontogeny and historical development Piaget Rebuttal ? You, the nativists cannot describe the development of disciplines in history in terms of innate modules within humans ? Bottom line: ? I can describe two developments and you can describe one ? I don’t believe the description you give to language acquisition Nativism: Modularity 1. Encapsulation it is impossible to interfere with the inner workings of a module. 2. Unconscious it is difficult or impossible to reflect on the operations of module. 3. Speed modules are very fast. 4. Shallow outputs modules provide limited output, without information about the intervening steps that led to that output. Nativism: Modularity 5. Obligatory firing modules operate reflexively, providing predetermined outputs for predetermined inputs regardless of the context. 6. Ontogeic universals modules develop in a characteristic sequence. 7. Localization modules are mediated by dedicated neural systems. Nativism: Modularity 8. Pathological universals modules breakdown in characteristic fashion following insult to the system. 9. Domain specificity as discussed above.
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