有機(jī)物的代謝ppt課件-資料下載頁
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【正文】 nolic pounds and their roles ? Flavonoids ??? ?? Anthocyanins（花青素） : Pigmentation (pollinator attractant) ??? ?? Flavones and Flavonols（黃酮和黃酮醇） : UV protection and bee ? Attractant（引誘劑）： (nectar guides花蜜引導(dǎo) ) ??? ?? Isoflavones（異黃酮） : Antimicrobial（抗菌） , antiestrogenic（抗雌激素） 三、含氮次級(jí)化合物 ? 生物堿 (alkaloid)：核酸的組分，亦是維生素 B葉酸和生物素的組 分， 它對(duì)動(dòng)物有毒，可起防御敵害作用；是重要藥物的 有效成分，如奎寧、嗎啡、利血平、阿托品等。 ? 含氰苷 (cyanogenic glycoside)：豆類、禾谷類和玫瑰中較多，本無毒，但釋放 HCN。 ? 芥子油苷 (mustard oil glycoside)：十字花科，本無毒，但水解后產(chǎn)生有毒物質(zhì)。 ? 非蛋白氨基酸 (nonprotein amino acid)：不構(gòu)成蛋白質(zhì)的氨基酸，有毒性，有的阻止 蛋白氨基酸的合成或吸收。 NitrogenContaining Compounds: ? Only chemical similarity is the presence of nitrogen somewhere in the molecule ? Well studied because of their toxicity to animals and their medicinal value ? Perhaps the most easilyrecognizable group of secondary pounds in plants Examples of Ncontaining pounds and their roles ? Alkaloids ? ?? ?? A large group of pounds found in 20% of all plant species ? ?? ?? All contain a heterocyclic ring雜環(huán) (., a ring formed from carbons and one nitrogen) ? ?? ?? Best known for their pharmacological effect on animals(動(dòng)物藥理學(xué)的效應(yīng) ) Examples of alkaloids Examples of Ncontaining pounds and their roles ? Cyanogenic glycosides含氰苷，存在與葉表皮的液泡中 ? ?? ?? A large group of pounds found in thousands of plant species ? ?? ?? Stored in leaves (cherry櫻桃 , Johnson grass), seeds (apple,peach), or roots (cassava木薯 ) ? ?? ?? Enzymatic release of cyanide gas following herbivory Examples of Ncontaining pounds and their roles ? Glucosinolates (mustard oil glycosides)芥子油苷 ：十字花科，本無毒，但水解后產(chǎn)生有毒物質(zhì)。 ? ?? ?? Principally found in plants from the Brassicaceae ? ?? ?? Enzymatic release following herbivory ? ?? ?? Volatile defensive pounds 揮發(fā)性防御物 (toxins, deterrents) ? ?? ?? Can also serve as attractants引誘劑 Examples of Ncontaining pounds and their roles ? 非蛋白氨基酸 ：不構(gòu)成蛋白質(zhì)的氨基酸，有毒性，有的阻止 蛋白氨基酸的合成或吸收。 ? Nonprotein amino acids ??? ?? Interfere with herbivore protein synthesis ??? ?? Replace normal amino acids to create nonfunctional proteins
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