【正文】 in professions relevant to the courses they teach. ——————————————— Education will be truly effective only when it is specifically designed to meet the individual needs and interests of each student. ——————————————— Education encourages students to question and criticize, and therefore does little to promote social harmony. ——————————————— College and university education should be free for all students, fully financed by the government. ——————————————— History teaches us only one thing: knowing about the past cannot help people to make important decisions today. ——————————————— Competition for high grades seriously limits the quality of learning at all levels of education. ——————————————— Governments should focus more on solving the immediate problems of today rather than trying to solve the anticipated problems of the future. ——————————————— The depth of knowledge to be gained from books is much richer and broader than what can be learned from direct experience. ——————————————— The increasingly rapid pace of life today causes more problems than it solves. ——————————————— Too much emphasis is placed on role models. Instead of copying others, people should learn to think and act independently and thus make the choices that are best for them. ——————————————— The media— and society in general— mistakenly expect an individual to speak for a particular group, whether or not that individual truly represents the views of the entire group. ——————————————— Highprofile awards such as the Nobel Prize are actually damaging to society because they suggest that only a few people deserve such recognition. ——————————————— The widespread idea that people should make selfimprovement a primary goal in their lives is problematic because it assumes that people are intrinsically deficient. ——————————————— To truly understand your own culture— no matter how you define it— requires personal knowledge of at least one other culture, one that is distinctly different from your own. ——————————————— Many people know how to attain success, but few know how to make the best use of it. ——————————————— People have been so encouraged by society to focus on apparent differences that they fail to see meaningful similarities among ideas, individuals, and groups. ——— ———————————— As people rely more and more on technology to solve problems, the ability of humans to think for themselves will surely deteriorate. ——————————————— Colleges should require students to engage in publicservice activities in order to assure that each student receives a balanced, wellrounded education. ——————————————— People make the mistake of treating experts with suspicion and mistrust, no matter how valuable their contributions might be. ——————————————— Government should place few, if any, restrictions on scientific research and development ——————————————— In any profession— business, politics, education, government— those in power should step down after five years. The surest path to success for any enterprise is revitalization through new leadership. ——————————————— Spending time alone makes one a better panion to others. ——————————————— One can best understand the most important characteristics of a society by studying its major cities. ——————————————— In most professions and academic fields, imagination is more important than knowledge. ——————————————— The most effective way to municate an idea or value to large groups of people is through the use of images, not language. ——————————————— The people who make important contributions to society are generally not those who develop their own new ideas, but those who are most gifted at perceiving and coordinating the talents and skills of others. ——————————————— Truly profound thinkers and highly creative artists are always out of step with their time and their society. ——————————————— People today are too individualistic. Instead of pursuing selfcentered, separate goals, people need to understand that satisfaction es from working for the greater good of the family, the munity, or society as a whole. ——————————————— Schools should be required to teach the essential interconnectedness of all human beings and thus help eliminate wars, cultural clashes, and other forms of conflict. ——————————————— Major policy decisions should always be left to politicians and other government experts, who are more informed and thus have better judgment and perspective than do members of the general public. ——————————————— All students should be required to take courses in the sciences, even if they have no interest in science. ——————————————— Patriotic reverence for the history of a nation often does more to impede than to encourage progress. ——————————————— Government should never censor the artistic works or historical displays that a museum wishes to exhibit. ——————————————— Government should preserve publicly owned wilderness areas in their natural state, even though these areas are often extremely remote and thus accessible to only a few people. ——————————————— In any field of endeavor, it is impossible to make a significant contribution without first being strongly influenced by past achievements within that field. ——————————————— Government funding of the arts threatens the integrity of the arts. ——————————————— Young people should be encouraged to pursue longterm, realistic goals rather than seek immediate fame and recognition. ——————————————— In any field of inquiry, the beginner is more likely than the expert to make important discoveries. ——————————————— Technologies not only influence but actually determine social customs and ethics. ——————————————— Leaders are created pr