【正文】 或含蓄虛擬條件引導(dǎo)的虛擬語(yǔ)氣，表示對(duì)過(guò)去所發(fā)生事情結(jié)果的假設(shè)。 例如： He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise, he ________ a goal. A. had scored B. scored C. would score D. would have scored (5) might have done 表示 “ 本來(lái)可能 ??” ，但實(shí)際上沒(méi)有發(fā)生的事。 例如 ： What a pity! Considering his ability and experience, he ________ better. A. need have done B. must have done C. can have done D. might have done 27 【答案】 D 【解析】 考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣的用法。句意： 真是可惜！考慮到他的能力和經(jīng)驗(yàn)，他本來(lái)可以做得更好的。 考點(diǎn) （三）表達(dá) “ 情感、態(tài)度、語(yǔ)氣 ” 等方面的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 1. must 表達(dá) “ 情感、態(tài)度、語(yǔ)氣 ” 主要有以下用法： (1) 表示主觀的義務(wù)和必要，主要用于肯定句和疑問(wèn)句，意思為 “ 必須 ?? ，得 ?? ，要 ??” ；由 must引起的疑問(wèn)句，肯定回答要用 must或 have to， 否定回答要用 needn’t或 don’t have to, 意思是 “ 不必 ” 。另外， must 與 have to 都可以表示 “ 必須 ” 這一含義。 must 表示一種主觀的需要，而 have to表示一種客觀的需要，意思是 “ 不得不 ” ，其否定形式是 don’ have to 。 例如： —— What sort of house do you want to have? Something big? —— Well, it ______ be big —— that39。s not important. A. mustn39。t B. needn39。t C. can39。t D. won39。t (2) must 的否定形式 mustn’t 表示禁止，意思是 “ 不能，不許 ” 。 例如： When I was young, I was told that I ______ play with matches A. wouldn39。t B. needn39。t C. mustn39。t D. daren39。t (3) must 用于條件句或疑問(wèn)句中，可以用來(lái)表示責(zé)備、抱怨的感情色彩，意思為 “ 偏要，硬要、干嘛 ” 。 例如： ① — May I smoke here ? — If you ____, choose a seat in the smoking section. A. should B. could C. may D. must ② John, look at the time. ________ you play the piano at such a late hour? A． Must B． Can C． May D． Need 28 ③ — I’m leaving now ． — It’s so late ． Better stay with me． Call a taxi if you ． A． will B． must C. would D． may (1) should 應(yīng)該，表示 “ 責(zé)任和義務(wù) ” 。 例如： According to the air traffic rules, you ___ switch off your mobile phone before boarding. A. may B. can C. would D. should (2) 在虛擬條件句中用以加強(qiáng)假設(shè)語(yǔ)氣，表示 “ 與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反的假設(shè) ” ，用 If+主語(yǔ)+ should +動(dòng)詞原形，當(dāng) “ 萬(wàn)一 (會(huì) )” 講。這時(shí)可省略 if，將 should提到句首，變?yōu)榈寡b句式。 請(qǐng)看下面的例子： If it should rain (=Should it rain) tomorrow, I would stay at 雨的話，我就待在家里。再如： ________ fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off. A. Would you be B. Should you be C. Could you be D. Might you be (3) should 還可以用來(lái)表示說(shuō)話人對(duì)某事不能理解、趕到意外、驚異等意思，譯為 “ 竟然，竟會(huì) ” 。 例如： You can’t imagine that a well behaved gentleman ___ be so rude to a lady. A. might B. need C. should D. would 3. shall 29 (1) shall 用于第一和第三人稱，常用于疑問(wèn)句中，用來(lái)征求對(duì)方意見(jiàn)。 例如： ① — What’s the name? — Khulaifi. _________ I spell it for you? A. Shall B. Would C. Can D. Might 【答案】 A (2) 用于第二和第三人稱，表示 “ 命令、威脅、警告、允諾、 ” 等。 例如： — Excuse me. But I want to use your puter to type a report. — You _____have my puter if you don’t take care of it . A. shan’t B. might not C. needn’t D. shouldn’t (3) shall 也用于宣布法律、規(guī)定的要求。 例如 ： 1. According to the school rules,no student go out of the school after eleven o’clock. 2． According to the school rules, no student _______ go out of school without the permission of the teachers． A． will B． must C． may D． shall 4. can (1) can可以用來(lái)表示驚異、懷疑、不相信的態(tài)度，主要用于否定句、疑問(wèn)句或感嘆句中。How ______ you say that you really understand the whole story if you have only covered only part of the article? A. can B. must C. need D. may 30 (2) can 也可以用來(lái)表示請(qǐng)求或許可。 例如： — Mum, I’ve been studying English since 8 o’clock. ______I go out and play with Tom for a while? — No, I’m afraid not. Besides, it’s raining outside now. A. Can’t B. Wouldn’t C. May D. Won’t 【答案】 A (3) can可以 表達(dá)一般的或永久的能力。 be able to 也可表達(dá)能力，但常用來(lái)表達(dá)在某件事情中所表現(xiàn)出來(lái)的能力，尤指克服困難能夠完成某事。 例如： ① If it were not for the fact that she ______ sing, I would invite her to the party. A. couldn’t B. shouldn’t C. can’t D. might not ② (97) The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone ______ get out. A. had to B. would C. could D. was able to 【答案】 C D 5. would (1)will 與 would可表示 “ 意愿；意志 ” 。 John promised his doctor he _____ not smoke and he has never smoked ever since. A. might B. should C. could D. would (2) would 表示過(guò)去傾向性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。 used to 也有這一用法，但 used to 即可用來(lái)表達(dá)過(guò)去的習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，也可用來(lái)表示過(guò)去的狀態(tài)。 例如： ① (上海 )When he was there, he ___ go to that coffee shop at the corner after work every day. A. would B. should C. had better D. might ② (07安徽 )In my opinion, life in the twentyfirst century is much easier than ________. A. that used to be B. it is used to 31 C. it was used to D. it used to be 【難點(diǎn)探究】 1．在語(yǔ)境中考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法 綜觀歷年高考英語(yǔ)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的考查情況；有相當(dāng)一部分考題從本質(zhì)上看都是在考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞在具體語(yǔ)境中的運(yùn)用，即只要考生能弄清各個(gè)被考查的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的意思，同時(shí)結(jié)合句意，就可作出正確選擇。 【例】 Some people who don’t like to talk much are not necessarily shy ； they just be quiet people． A． must B． may C． should D． would 【例】 One of the few things you ______ say about English people with certainty is that they talk a lot about the weather. A. need B. must C. should D. can “ 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞十完成式 ” 的用法 “ 情 態(tài)動(dòng)詞十完成式 ” 是高考英語(yǔ)一個(gè)十分重要的高頻考點(diǎn)，但許多考生由于沒(méi)有意識(shí)到這一點(diǎn)，同時(shí)對(duì)這類(lèi)結(jié)構(gòu)的用法沒(méi)有掌握好，所以常常丟分。對(duì)于這一考點(diǎn)，考生首先要明白：當(dāng)談?wù)撨^(guò)去情況，對(duì)過(guò)去情況進(jìn)行推測(cè)或表示責(zé)備時(shí)，英語(yǔ)必須要用 “ 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞十完成式 ” 結(jié)構(gòu)。 【例】 He did not regret saying what he did but felt that he it differently. A. could express B. would express 32 C. could have expressed D. must have expressed 有的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞在句型使用方面有其特定的習(xí)慣，這往往是高考英語(yǔ)命題的一個(gè)切入點(diǎn)。如 must 表示肯定推測(cè)時(shí)，它只用于肯定句，不用于否定句或疑問(wèn)句，但表示 “ 必須 ” 時(shí)，卻可用于否定句或疑問(wèn)句；又如 can