【正文】 ar. A. will graduate B. will have graduate C. graduates D. is to graduate 【解析】 by the time 后接定語從句，省略了關(guān)系副詞 when。在這 種 定語從句中要用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來。 英語動詞時態(tài)、語態(tài)考點(diǎn)誤用 1. 對不起，我沒看見你在這兒。 [誤 ] Sorry, I don39。t see you here. [正 ] Sorry, I didn?t see you here. [析 ] 根據(jù)語境，本句是指剛才沒看見對方在這，而不是現(xiàn)在沒看見對方在這， 所以要用一般過去時。 2. 你能告訴我北京冬天是否下雪嗎？ [誤 ] Could you tell me if it snowed in winter in Beijing? [正 ] Could you tell me if it snows in winter in Beijing? [析 ] 一般現(xiàn)在時除表示經(jīng)常性的動 作外，還可表示習(xí)慣性的動作，即現(xiàn)階段的 一個事實(shí)，句中不需要任何經(jīng)常性的時間狀語配合。 could 表示一種客氣的語氣， 不表示過去時態(tài)。 3. 他說他第二天要去合肥出差。 [誤 ] He said he will go to Hefei on business the next day. [正 ] He said he would go to Hefei on business the next day. [析 ] 主句謂語動詞為過去時，賓語從句表示過去的將來要發(fā)生的動作，要用過去將來時。 4. 我忘了把你的傘帶來了。 [誤 ] I fet to bring your umbrella with me. [正 ] I fot to bring your umbrella with me. [析 ] 不用 fet，而用 fot，因為現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)記起來了， fot 是說話這一時刻之前的動作。 由于受漢語思維習(xí)慣的影響，動詞時態(tài)觀念不強(qiáng)，誤把一般現(xiàn)在時當(dāng)作一般過去時。 5. 他父親離開祖國已經(jīng) 50 年了。 [誤 ] His father has left his homeland for fifty years. [正 ] His father has been away from his homeland for fifty years. [析 ] 短暫性動詞的完成時 (肯定式 )不能與表示一段時間的狀語連用，要么改為表示狀態(tài)的動詞，要么用下列句式來 表達(dá) (以此句為例 )： His father left his homeland fifty years ago. It is fifty years since his father left his homeland. It has been fifty years since his father left his homeland. 11 Fifty years have passed since his father left his homeland. 6. “你去過北京嗎？ ”“是的，我去過。 ” [誤 ] “Have you gone to Beijing?”“Yes, I have gone there.” [正 ] “Have you been to Beijing?”“Yes, I have been there.” [析 ] Have you gone to Beijing?是 “你已經(jīng)到北京了嗎？ ”， 指目前人已在北京或在赴北京的途中。 說話的時候，顯然你已不在北京了，所以說用在這兒不恰當(dāng)。 表示 “過去曾去過某處而現(xiàn)在又回來了 ”須用 have been。 7. 如果明天不下雨，我們就去參觀美術(shù)展覽。 [誤 ] We shall see an exhibition of paintings if it won“t rain tomorrow. [正 ] We shall see an exhibition of paintings if it doesn”t rain tomorrow. [析 ] 在時間狀語從句中，從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來的動作。 8. 在過去幾年中，我們家鄉(xiāng)發(fā)生了巨大的變化。 [誤 ] There were great changes in our hometown in the past few years. [正 ] There have been great changes in our hometown in the past few years. [析 ] “In / During the past / last + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞 ”是完成時態(tài)的標(biāo)志之一， 不要被 past / last 所迷惑，而用了過去時。 9. 我不知道那艘船明天是否會準(zhǔn)點(diǎn)到。 [誤 ] I wonder if the ship arrives on time tomorrow. [正 ] I wonder if the ship will arrive on time tomorrow. [析 ] 這里 if 連接的賓語從句，表示 “是否 ”(=whether)，而不是條件狀語從句， 表 示 “如果 ”。因此根據(jù)句意仍需用一般將來時。 10. 自從 1978 年以來我們的家鄉(xiāng)發(fā)生了巨大的變化。 [誤 ] Great changes have been taken place in our hometown since 1978. [正 ] Great changes have taken place in our hometown since 1978. [析 ] take place 和 happen 都是不及物動詞或短語，不能用于被動語態(tài)。 11. 那個村也叫國際會議村。 [誤 ] The village also called the International Meeting Village. [正 ] The village is also called the International Meeting Village. [析 ] 英語被動語態(tài)是由 “be + 動詞的過去分詞 ”構(gòu)成，因此在 also 前應(yīng)加 is。 12. 我們學(xué)校也教俄語。 [誤 ] Our school also teaches Russian. [正 ] Russian is also taught in our school. [析 ] 當(dāng)動作的執(zhí)行者沒有必要指明或為大家所知時，通常用被動語態(tài)。 顯然 our school 不是 teach 的執(zhí)行者，而應(yīng)該是沒有表示出來的 teachers，因此， 要把動作的承受者 Russian 用作主語，用被動語態(tài)來表達(dá)。 13. 我們都認(rèn)識那位科學(xué)家。 [誤 ] The scientist is known by us all. [正 ] The scientist is known to us all. [析 ] by 表示動作執(zhí)行者。而表示范圍、地點(diǎn)等用法 時，要用介詞 to 或 in。 14. 孩子們陸續(xù)地走進(jìn)了博物館。 12 [誤 ] The museum was entered by the children one by one. [正 ] The children entered the museum one by one. [析 ] 某些及物動詞，如 leave, enter, reach, join 等后接表示地點(diǎn)、處所、 組織名稱的名詞作賓語時，不能轉(zhuǎn)換為被動語態(tài)