【正文】 bout has e to school. 語法復(fù)習(xí)五：強(qiáng)調(diào)句、 It 的用法、省略和插入語 一、強(qiáng)調(diào)句 （一）強(qiáng)調(diào)句句型 陳述句的強(qiáng)調(diào)句型： It is/ was + 被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分（通常是主 語、賓語或狀語） + that/ . It was yesterday that he met Li Ping. 一般疑問句的強(qiáng)調(diào)句型：同上，只是把 is/ was提到 it前面。 . Was it yesterday that he met Li Ping? 特殊疑問句的強(qiáng)調(diào)句型：被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分（通常是疑問代詞或疑問副詞） + is/ was + it + that/ . When and where was it that you were born? 強(qiáng)調(diào)句例句：針對(duì) I met Li Ming at the railway station 。 強(qiáng)調(diào)主語： It was I that (who) met Li Ming at the railway station yesterday. 強(qiáng)調(diào)賓語： It was Li Ming that I met at the railway station yesterday. 強(qiáng)調(diào)地點(diǎn)狀語： It was at the railway station that I met Li Ming yesterday. 強(qiáng)調(diào) 時(shí)間狀語： It was yesterday that I met Li Ming at the railway station. 注意：構(gòu)成強(qiáng)調(diào)句的 it本身沒有詞義；強(qiáng)調(diào)句中的連接詞一般只用 that, who，即使（當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào)主語且主語指人） + 其它部分。 who + 其它部分？ 在強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間狀語和地點(diǎn)狀語時(shí)也如此， that, who不可省略；強(qiáng)調(diào)句中的時(shí)態(tài)只用兩種，一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)。原句謂語動(dòng)詞是一般過去時(shí)、過去完成時(shí)和過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，用 It was … ，其余的時(shí)態(tài)用 It is … 。 （二） not … until … 句型的強(qiáng)調(diào)句 句型為： It is/ was not until + 被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分 + that + 其它部分 11 . 普通句： He didn’ t go to bed until/ till his wife came back. 強(qiáng)調(diào)句： It was not until his wife came back that he went to bed. 注意：此句型只用 until，不用 till。但如果不是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型， till, until可通用；因?yàn)榫湫椭?It is/ was not … 已經(jīng)是否定句了， that后面的從句要用肯定句，切勿再用否定句了。 （三）謂語動(dòng)詞的強(qiáng)調(diào) It is/ was … that … 結(jié)構(gòu)不能強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語，如果需要強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語時(shí)，用助動(dòng)詞 do/ does或 . Do sit down. 務(wù)必請(qǐng)坐。 He did write to you last week. 上周他確實(shí)給你寫了信。 Do be careful when you cross the street. 過馬路時(shí)，務(wù)必（千萬）要小心?。? did。 注意： 此種強(qiáng)調(diào)只用 do/ does和 did ，沒有別的形式；過去時(shí)用 did ，后面的謂語動(dòng)詞用原形。 二、 It 的用法 （一）作人稱代詞 it代替前面（或后面）的單數(shù)名詞或分句等所表示的事物。 . You cannot eat your cake but have it.（ it代替前面的 cake） Although we cannot see it, there is air all around us. （ it代替后面的 air） They say he has left town, but I don’ t believe it. （ it代替前面 They…town 分句中的情況） 代替有生命但不能或不必分陰陽性的東西（包括嬰兒）。 . Yesterday we saw a big tree. It was fully twenty metres high. （ it代替前面的tree） The baby cried because it was hungry. （ it代替前面的 baby） It’ s me. 在某些習(xí)慣說法中，可以代替人。 . Someone is knocking at the door, Peter. Who is it? Who are singing? It is the children. The light is still on in the lab. It must be the thirdyear students doing the experiment. it與 one的區(qū)別：這兩個(gè)詞都可以代表前面說過的名詞，但 it用于同名同物的場(chǎng)合； . Do you still have the bicycle? Is this knife yours? No, I have sold it. one則用于同名異物的場(chǎng)合。 No. It is Xiao Zhang’ s. Mine is the one on the desk. it 與 that 的區(qū)別：兩詞都可代替某一特定名詞，但 that 指同一類，并非同一個(gè)。 . The climate of South China is mild（溫和的） 。 I like it very much.（ it指the climate of The climate of South China is much better than that of Japan.（ that指the climate） South China） （二）作無人稱代詞 it作無人稱代詞時(shí)，除了句中找不到它所代表的詞語外，另一個(gè)特點(diǎn)是它后面的內(nèi)容都 It is fine (rainy, windy, etc.). It is noon. 12 是表示天氣、時(shí)間、距離、度量衡及情況等。 It is a half hour’ s walk to the factory. It is eighteen square metres in area. What does it matter? 用以幫助改變句子結(jié)構(gòu)，使句子的某一成分受到強(qiáng)調(diào)。 ―It is (was) + 所強(qiáng)調(diào)的成分 + （三）作強(qiáng)調(diào)詞，構(gòu)成強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu) that (who) + 其它成分。 ‖在這個(gè)句型中， it本身沒有詞義。詳見 ―一、強(qiáng)調(diào)句 ‖。 （四）引導(dǎo)詞 it作形式主語（賓語） 為了使句子平衡，常采用形式主語（或賓語） it ，而把真正的主語（或賓語）置于句 . It takes half an hour to go there on foot.（ It 與 to go there on foot之間夾有 takes half an We thought it strange that Mr Smith did not e last night. （ it與that 從句中間夾有 子后面。通常引導(dǎo)詞 it 與它所代替的句子成分中間要夾有某些詞。 hour四個(gè)詞） strange） 但有時(shí) it與所替代部分之間并不夾有其它詞。 . You may depend on it that they will support you.（因?yàn)榻樵~ on之后一般不直接接that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。注意： it不是多余的，不能當(dāng)作錯(cuò)句） 三、省略 為了使講話和行文簡(jiǎn)潔，句中某些成分有時(shí)可省略。省略可分以下幾種情況： （一）簡(jiǎn)單句中的省略 省略主語：祈使句中主語通常省略。其它省略主語多限于少數(shù)現(xiàn)成的說法。 . (I) Thank you for your help.（括號(hào) (I) see you tomorrow. (It) Doesn’ t matter. 省略主謂語或主謂語的一部分。 . (There is) No smoking. (Is there) Anything wrong? Why (do you) not say hello to 省略作賓語的不定式短語，只保留 to。 . Are you going there? I’ d like to (go there). He did not give me the chance, though he had promised to (give me the chance). No, but I want to be. Well, he ought to have. him? 注意：如果該賓語是 be動(dòng)詞或完成時(shí)態(tài)，則須在 to之后加上 be或 have。 . Are you an engineer? 省略表語。 . Are you thirsty? 同時(shí)省略幾個(gè)成分。 . Let’ s meet at the same place as (we met) yesterday. Have you finished your work? (I have) Not (finished my work) yet. Yes, I am (thirsty). He hasn’ t finished the task yet. （二）并列句中的省略 兩個(gè)并列分句中，后一個(gè)分句常省略與前一分句中相同的部分。 . My father is a doctor and my mother (is) a nurse. I study at college and my sister (studies) at high school. 13 （三）主從復(fù)合句中的省略 主句中有一些成分被省略。 . (I’ m) Sorry to hear that you are ill. (It is a) Pity that he missed such a good chance. I think so. 省略了一個(gè)從句或從句的一部分，用 so或 not（切不可用 it或