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大學(xué)英語語法練習(xí)及答案(參考版)

2025-01-12 16:41本頁面
  

【正文】 . (I’ m) Sorry to hear that you are ill. (It is a) Pity that he missed such a good chance. I think so. 省略了一個從句或從句的一部分,用 so或 not(切不可用 it或 tha。 . Let’ s meet at the same place as (we met) yesterday. Have you finished your work? (I have) Not (finished my work) yet. Yes, I am (thirsty). He hasn’ t finished the task yet. (二)并列句中的省略 兩個并列分句中,后一個分句常省略與前一分句中相同的部分。 . Are you an engineer? 省略表語。 . (There is) No smoking. (Is there) Anything wrong? Why (do you) not say hello to 省略作賓語的不定式短語,只保留 to。其它省略主語多限于少數(shù)現(xiàn)成的說法。注意: it不是多余的,不能當(dāng)作錯句) 三、省略 為了使講話和行文簡潔,句中某些成分有時可省略。 hour四個詞) strange) 但有時 it與所替代部分之間并不夾有其它詞。 (四)引導(dǎo)詞 it作形式主語(賓語) 為了使句子平衡,常采用形式主語(或賓語) it ,而把真正的主語(或賓語)置于句 . It takes half an hour to go there on foot.( It 與 to go there on foot之間夾有 takes half an We thought it strange that Mr Smith did not e last night. ( it與that 從句中間夾有 子后面。 ‖在這個句型中, it本身沒有詞義。 It is a half hour’ s walk to the factory. It is eighteen square metres in area. What does it matter? 用以幫助改變句子結(jié)構(gòu),使句子的某一成分受到強調(diào)。 . The climate of South China is mild(溫和的) 。 . Someone is knocking at the door, Peter. Who is it? Who are singing? It is the children. The light is still on in the lab. It must be the thirdyear students doing the experiment. it與 one的區(qū)別:這兩個詞都可以代表前面說過的名詞,但 it用于同名同物的場合; . Do you still have the bicycle? Is this knife yours? No, I have sold it. one則用于同名異物的場合。 . You cannot eat your cake but have it.( it代替前面的 cake) Although we cannot see it, there is air all around us. ( it代替后面的 air) They say he has left town, but I don’ t believe it. ( it代替前面 They…town 分句中的情況) 代替有生命但不能或不必分陰陽性的東西(包括嬰兒)。 注意: 此種強調(diào)只用 do/ does和 did ,沒有別的形式;過去時用 did ,后面的謂語動詞用原形。 He did write to you last week. 上周他確實給你寫了信。但如果不是強調(diào)句型, till, until可通用;因為句型中 It is/ was not … 已經(jīng)是否定句了, that后面的從句要用肯定句,切勿再用否定句了。原句謂語動詞是一般過去時、過去完成時和過去進行時,用 It was … ,其余的時態(tài)用 It is … 。 強調(diào)主語: It was I that (who) met Li Ming at the railway station yesterday. 強調(diào)賓語: It was Li Ming that I met at the railway station yesterday. 強調(diào)地點狀語: It was at the railway station that I met Li Ming yesterday. 強調(diào) 時間狀語: It was yesterday that I met Li Ming at the railway station. 注意:構(gòu)成強調(diào)句的 it本身沒有詞義;強調(diào)句中的連接詞一般只用 that, who,即使(當(dāng)強調(diào)主語且主語指人) + 其它部分。 . The man (whom/ who/ that) you were talking about has e to school. 語法復(fù)習(xí)五:強調(diào)句、 It 的用法、省略和插入語 一、強調(diào)句 (一)強調(diào)句句型 陳述句的強調(diào)句型: It is/ was + 被強調(diào)部分(通常是主 語、賓語或狀語) + that/ . It was yesterday that he met Li Ping. 一般疑問句的強調(diào)句型:同上,只是把 is/ was提到 it前面。 . October 1, 1949 was the day on which ( = when ) the People’ s Republic of China was founded. 5. 當(dāng)定語從句中謂語動詞是帶介詞或副詞的固定短語動詞時,短語動詞的各個固定部分不要拆開。 The students who are in Grade Three are going to climb the hill tomorrow. 3. 定語從句有時不直接緊靠先行詞,中間由一個定語、狀語或謂語隔開。 his wife doesn’ t like at all. 2. 關(guān) 系代詞在從句中作主語時,從句的謂語動詞單數(shù)還是用復(fù)數(shù)應(yīng)由先行詞決定。 3) as 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時與 which的區(qū)別 ① 當(dāng)主句和從句語義一致時,用 as;反之,用 which來引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。通常用下列句型: as is known to all, as is said, as is reported, as is announced, as we all know, as I expect 等。 我們車間使用的這種機器是中國制造的。 3) as引導(dǎo)定語從句時的用法 ① as引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句通常用于 the same … as, such … as 結(jié)構(gòu)中。 他數(shù)學(xué)考試沒有及格,這使他的父親很生氣。 史密斯先生是他 認識的唯一的外國人。 在桂林他們所參觀的第一個地方是象鼻山。 1)用 that而不用 which的情況: ① 先行詞為不定代詞 all, anything, nothing, … ;② 先行詞有最高級修飾,有序數(shù)詞修飾; ③ 先行詞有 only, very, any等詞修飾;④ 先行詞既有人又有物時。形式上用逗號隔開,不能 that用引導(dǎo)。 (二)限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句 限制性定語從句:從句與主句關(guān)系密切,去掉從句,主句意義不完整,甚至不合邏輯。 . I have no idea when he will be back. The fact that he had not said anything surprised everybody. 語法復(fù)習(xí)四:定語從句 (一)定語從句一般由關(guān)系代 詞和關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo) 關(guān)系代詞: who, whom, whose, which, that, as 關(guān)系副詞: when, where, why 9 關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞必須位于從句之首,主句先行詞之后,起著連接先行詞和從句的作用, 同時在從句中又充當(dāng)句子成分。但引導(dǎo)條件從句時,只能用 if,而不能用 whether。 whether 可與不定式連用。 . Please let me know whether you want to go.(此句如果把 whether改成 if,容易當(dāng)成條件句理解) ③ 賓語從句中的 whether 與 or not直接連用,就不能換成 if;不直接連用,可換。 ① 賓語從句是否定句時,只用 if,不用 whether。 . I’ m interested in whether you’ ve finished the work.. I’ m interested in what you’ ve said. whether與 if都可以引導(dǎo)賓語從句,??苫Q。引導(dǎo)賓語從句的連詞 that一般可省略。 . The question was who could go there. 引導(dǎo)表語從句的連接詞 that有時可省去。 . It doesn’ t matter so much whether you will e or not. that引導(dǎo)主語從句時,不能省略。 (二)主語從句 主語從句在復(fù)合句作主語。連接代詞與連接副詞在從句充當(dāng)句子成分,連接詞 whether 和 if(是否), as if(好象)在從句中 8 不充當(dāng)句子成分,只起連接作用。 that 無詞義,在從句中不擔(dān)任成分,有時可省略; if (whether), as if 雖有詞義,但在從句中不擔(dān)任成分。有詞義,在從句中擔(dān)任成分,作狀語。有詞義,在從句中擔(dān)任 成分,如主語、表語、賓語、或定語等。因此,名詞性從句廳分為主語從句、表語從句、賓語從句和同位從句。如: There are two chairs and a desk in
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