【正文】 ar的研究模式 ●普遍語法的概念 3． Daniel Johns瓊斯 ： the most famous system of Cardinal vowels最有名的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)元音系統(tǒng) 4． . Halliday英國(guó)語言學(xué)家韓禮德 ：系統(tǒng)功能語法 Systemicfunctional Grammar，與 Chomsky提出的轉(zhuǎn)換生成語法： TransformationalGenerative grammar相區(qū)分 5． Geoffrey Leech利奇： 提出語義學(xué) Semantics的七種意義 6. C. Morris he R. Carnap美國(guó)哲學(xué)家 :將符號(hào)學(xué) Semiotics劃分為三個(gè)分支 7． J. Austin 和 J. Searle英國(guó)哲學(xué)家 ： Speech Act Theory： 20世紀(jì) 50年代認(rèn)為語言不僅可以用來表述，更可以用來 “做事 doing things”，即 “to do things with words” 8． ——美國(guó)哲學(xué)家： 合作原則 The Cooperative Principles 1) take a rain check 延期 2) lost count 弄不清楚 3) be in another world 精神恍惚 ?；瓴皇厣? 5) save your breath 省口氣吧 。別白費(fèi)口舌了 7) cost sb. an arm and a leg 非常昂貴 8) burn a hole in one39。s pocket 很快地被花光 9)fill one39。s shoes 很好地頂替 。令人滿意地替代 10)is ice cold 表示理所當(dāng)然 11)like apples and oranges 用來表示無法相比的事物 12)wait until the last minute 直到最后一刻 13)lose one39。s train of 忘記 14)meet each other half way 相互妥協(xié)，讓步 15)on the dot 準(zhǔn)時(shí) 。正點(diǎn) 16)once and for all 最后一次 。干脆 17)out of earshot 不在聽力所及范圍 18)out of this world 非常好 19)play by ear 隨機(jī)應(yīng)變 ，視情形而定 20) ring a bell 令人想起某件事 。聽起來耳熟 21)share a mon outlook 有共同的觀點(diǎn) 22)six of one and halfadozen of the other 半斤八兩 。沒什么區(qū)別 23)stick around 在附近逗留或等待 24)stick with 繼續(xù)做，堅(jiān)持 26)toss and turn (身體 )翻來覆去 (通常表示難以入睡 ) 28)under the weather 身體不適，生病 29)bite off more than one can chew 貪多嚼不爛 。心有余而力不足 。不自量力 。力不從心 30)break new ground 創(chuàng)新 31)do the trick 做成功 。達(dá)到理想的結(jié)果 32)drag one39。s feet 行動(dòng)緩慢 。磨磨蹭蹭不情愿 33)draw the line 拒絕，拒不容忍 34)feel down in the dumps 心情不好 。情緒低落 35)few and far between 不多 。少而分散的 。不常碰到或發(fā)現(xiàn)的 。稀少的 36)fit as a fiddle 身體很健康 37)grin and bear 任勞任怨 。毫無怨言地忍受 38)hit the spot (特指吃了食物，喝了飲料之后 )精神完全恢復(fù)過來或感到滿足 ?；謴?fù)精力 。提精神 39)keep between the two of us 不讓第三者知道，保密 40)know a thing or two about 略知一二 6級(jí)作文模板 : 1）先背 3個(gè)句子 1 Nowadays with the rapid development of advanced ……., more and more….. are monly and widely used in daily life.(講重要性 ) 2 The popularity of …will have great influenc e on our work, study and daily life. On the one hand …, But on the other hand.（講影響） 3To conclude, …..are just like a doubleedged sword, which will surely bring some advantages and disadvantages. With them we may have less trouble dealing with problems in life and enjoy a betteroff life. However, one point should be bore in mind that we should take sensible use of them , always being the master of them.（結(jié) 尾段） Ps:靈活運(yùn)用第 1句和第 2句，根據(jù)不同模板自由組合。 2）模板（ 2個(gè)模板） 1 開頭段：先講重要性，然后轉(zhuǎn)講不好的地方。 中間段：措施 結(jié)尾段：先來個(gè)小轉(zhuǎn)折再進(jìn)入總結(jié) 開頭段 Nowadays with the rapid development of advanced ……., more and more….. are monly and widely used in everyday life. However, what worries most of us is that…… 中間段 Firstly….Secondly…..Lastly but in no means least…… 結(jié)尾段 To conclude, …..are just like a double edged sword. With them we may have less trouble dealing with problems in life and enjoy a betteroff life. However, one point should be kept in mind that we should take sensible use of them , always being the master of them. 2 開頭段：先講重要性，然后轉(zhuǎn)講爭(zhēng)論 中間段：轉(zhuǎn)折 (即列出兩種不同人的觀點(diǎn) ) 結(jié)尾段：直接進(jìn)入總結(jié)（即你的觀點(diǎn)） 開頭段： It is accepted that …. plays a significant part for both …, and what’s more , a lot of attention is being drawn to the change of….. However, whether … deserves such an attention , people’s ideas vary. 中間段： On the one hand, some people hold the view that ….. On the other hand, a great many people insist that…. 結(jié)尾段： From my perspective, however…. ( 你的觀點(diǎn) ) . Therefore, it’s time that (措施之類的 ) 送禮 6級(jí)作文萬能句子（補(bǔ)充在 ”…..” 里面的萬能句子，自己琢磨每個(gè)句子放在哪里比較適合） 重點(diǎn)背： 1） 5） 6） 7）句子，最好全部都被過一遍，自己琢磨怎么用。 1） Sth will make our life more enjoyable, that is to say, sth can add color to the dull routine of every day life. 。能讓我們的生活更美好，也就是說。可以給我們枯燥的生活帶來色彩 2） For the majority of people, reading or learning a new skill has bee the focus of their lives and the source of their happiness and contentment 對(duì)于很多人來說，學(xué)習(xí)一門新技術(shù)占據(jù)了他們的生活和充實(shí)了他們的生活。 3）。 , by occupying spare time so constructively, makes a person contented, with no time for boredom. 。占據(jù)了某人大部分時(shí)間，使得某人沒空想東想西（充實(shí)了某人生活） 4） What39。s more, living in school can save them a great deal of time on the way between home and school everyday, so they would be able to concentrate more time and energy on their academic work. 住校為學(xué)生省去了不少時(shí)間，這樣學(xué)生可以把更多的時(shí)間用在學(xué)習(xí)上 5） Little by little, our knowledge will be well enriched, and our horizons will be greatly broadened. 一點(diǎn)一滴，這樣做可以豐富我們的知識(shí)和拓寬我們的視野 6） For people who want to adopt a healthy and meaningful life style, it is important to find time to learn certain new knowledge. Just as an old saying goes: it is never too late to 來說，抽空學(xué)習(xí)一門新技術(shù)很重要 7） The majority of students believe that parttime job will provide them with more opportunities to develop their interpersonal skills, which may put them in a favorable position in the future job markets.兼職可以讓學(xué)生們學(xué)習(xí)個(gè)人技巧，這樣可以在找工作時(shí)更有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力 8） By taking a majorrelated partjob, students can not only improve their academic studies, but gain much experience, experience they will never be able to get from the 成績(jī)，還可以獲得在課本上學(xué)不到的工作經(jīng)驗(yàn) 9） Now people in growing numbers are beginning to believe that learning new skills and knowledge contributes directly to enhancing their job opportunities or promotion opportunities. 10） 1Sth can produce positive effects on …in more than one way. 什么東西可帶來好影響 2Sth may bring about negative impacts on … 什么東西可帶來不好的影響 怎樣用英語安慰人 1. Pull yourself together. 振作起來。 2. Keep your chin up. 別灰心。 3. Don39。t let it get you down. It will be over with soon. 別為此煩惱。事情很快就會(huì)過去的。 4. Don39。t be so miserable! 別這愁眉苦臉的。 5. Cheer up! things will work out for the best. 高興點(diǎn)兒。事情會(huì)有好結(jié)果的。 6. Take heart we39。ll find a way out. 振作