【正文】
r Gene regulatory proteins Gene regulatory proteins type of transcription factors general transcription factors ? It is necessary for the RNA polymerase bind with the promoter. ? It decides RNA transcription type . ? It is also regarded as a ponent of RNA polymerase. Various transcription factors of RNA polymerase II TF Molecular weitht, kD Function TF II A 12, 19, 35 stabilize TF II D TF II B 33 accelerate that RNA pol II binding with DNA. TF II D TBP/38, TAP/15250 recognize TATA box TF II E 57(?), 34(?) ATPase TF II F 30, 74 helicase TF II I 120 accelerate that TF II D binding TATA TF II H 3589 phosphorylation of carboxyl terminal domain of RNA pol II large subunit special transcription factors ? It is necessary for individual gene transcription. ? It decided the specificity of gene transcription in the time and the space. ? Most special transcription factors are transcription activators, a few ones are transcription inhibitors. ? Most transcription activators are the proteins binding with the enhancer. ? Most transcription inhibitors are the proteins binding with the silencer. ? Some transcription inhibitors don’t directly interact with DNA, but bind with the general transcription factor IID or some transcription activators and decrease effective concentration of the latter in cell and suppress gene transcription. structure of transcription factor ? Usually, a transcription factor contains a DNA binding domain and a transcription activation domain. ? Many transcription factors also contain a domain which mediate proteinprotein interaction, for example dimerization domain. DNA binding domain ? It is consist of 60~ 100 amino acid residues usually. ? the most familiar structures: ? zinc finger structure ? basic ? helix structure ? other structures: ? basic leucine zipper structure, bZIP ? basic helixturn helix structure, bHTH ? basic helixloophelix structure, bHLH zinc finger in TF III A C C C C Zn C C H H Zn C C H H Zn COOH H2N zinc finger in SP1( TF) bind with GC box, discovered the zinc finger early Zn Zn Zn Zn Zn Zn Zn Zn Zn Zn Zn Zn Zn Zn Zn Zn Zn Zn basic ? helix domain(bAH) DNA binding domain of CTF1 (transcription factor) basic leucine zipper, bZIP COOH NH2 COOH NH2 1 8 15 22 29 36 1 8 15 22 29 36 Leucine residue C N C O H CH2 CH CH3 CH3 basic helixturn helix, bHTH + ?phage Cro basic helixloophelix, bHLH transcription activation domain ? It is usually consist of 30?100 amino acid residues . ? It is divided three types as follows: ? acidic activation domain ? glutaminerich domain ? prolinerich domain dimerization domain It is the basic leucine zipper or basic helix loop helix in protein structure. cisacting elements the structure of gene in eukaryote, cisacting element and trans or cis acting factor exon intron ATG TAA Poly A site AATAAA, 30bp downstream enhancer terminator downstream silencer initiation site promoter upstream silencer upstream enhancer coding strand template strand 5’ 3’ 1 2 n 1 2 n1 TATA box CAAT box GC box trans or cisacting factors gene TATA enhancer mRNA transcription activation and regulation 5’ 3’ promoter region EBP TF II A pol II TF II F TBP TAF TAF TAF TF II E TF II B gene TATA enhancer 5’ 3’ promoter region EBP TF II A pol II TF II F TATA TAF TF II A pol II / TF II F PIC TBP TF II B TF II E TIC EBP enhancer TBP TAF TAF TAF TF II E TF II B RNA dsDNA supersolenoid chromatid chromosome solenoid chromatin nucleosomes Transcription bubble activity of gene structure 2 1 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 AAAAA hnRNA 7 protein precursor rRNA precursor rRNA Mature tRNA precursor tRNA Mature 12 protein mature 13 mRNA Mature 14 16 amino acid polysome 15 function multilevel regulation of gene expression 練 習(xí) 題 四 1 基因表達(dá)的產(chǎn)物可以是 A DNA B tRNA C mRNA D rRNA E 蛋白質(zhì) F hnRNA 2 基因表達(dá)的組織特異性可表現(xiàn)為 A 不同基因在同一組織中表達(dá)不同 B 同一基因在不同組織中表達(dá)不同 C 不同基因在不同組織中表達(dá)不同 D 不同基因在同一組織中表達(dá)相同 E 同一基因在不同組織中表達(dá)相同 3 直接參與乳糖操縱子調(diào)控的因素是 A I基因編碼蛋白 B Z基因編碼蛋白 C CAP D Y基因編碼蛋白 E 乳糖 4 參與原核基因表達(dá)調(diào)控的因素是 A 激活蛋白 B 阻遏蛋白 C 某些小分子化合物 D 基本轉(zhuǎn)錄因子 5 基因表達(dá)調(diào)控可以發(fā)生在 A 轉(zhuǎn)錄起始水平 B 轉(zhuǎn)錄水平 C 轉(zhuǎn)錄后加工水平 D 翻譯起始水平 E 翻譯水平 F 翻譯后加工水平 G 復(fù)制水平 6 順式作用元件是下述的 A TATA盒和 CCAAT盒 B 具有調(diào)節(jié)功能的各種 DNA序列 C 具有調(diào)節(jié)功能的 5’ 側(cè)翼序列 D 具有調(diào)節(jié)功能的 3’ 側(cè)翼序列 E 所有非編碼序列 7 反式作用因子是 A 轉(zhuǎn)錄調(diào)節(jié)蛋白 B 轉(zhuǎn)錄調(diào)節(jié)因子 C RNA聚合酶 D DNA聚合酶 E DNA酶 I 8 真核基因表達(dá)調(diào)控的特點(diǎn)是 A 正性調(diào)節(jié)占主導(dǎo) B 伴有染色體結(jié)構(gòu)變化 C 轉(zhuǎn)錄與翻譯分隔進(jìn)行 D 轉(zhuǎn)錄與翻譯偶聯(lián)進(jìn)行 E 負(fù)性調(diào)節(jié)占主導(dǎo) 9 乳糖操縱子 A 在沒有半乳糖存在時處于阻遏狀態(tài) B 在半乳糖存在時可能處于表達(dá)狀態(tài) C 有高濃度半乳糖、低濃度葡萄糖存在時處于 表達(dá)狀態(tài) D 有半乳糖存在時處于阻遏狀態(tài) E 沒有半乳糖存在時處于表達(dá)狀態(tài) 10 可影響 RNA聚合酶活性的因素是 A 啟動子或啟動序列 B 調(diào)節(jié)蛋白的性質(zhì) C RNA轉(zhuǎn)錄本的結(jié)構(gòu) D RNA轉(zhuǎn)錄本的長度 E 多聚 A序列的長度 11 基因表達(dá)具有 A 階段特異性 B 組織特異性 C 細(xì)胞特異性 D 時間特異性 E 空間特異性 12 原核基因表達(dá)調(diào)控的意義是 (只有一個正確答案) A 調(diào)節(jié)生長與分化 B 調(diào)節(jié)發(fā)育與分化 C 調(diào)節(jié)生長、發(fā)育與分化 D 調(diào)節(jié)代謝,適應(yīng)環(huán)境 E 維持細(xì)胞特性和調(diào)節(jié)生長 13 真核基因表達(dá)調(diào)控的意義是 (只有一個正確答案) A 調(diào)節(jié)代謝,維持生長 B 調(diào)節(jié)代謝,維持發(fā)育與分化 C 調(diào)節(jié)代謝,發(fā)育與分化 D 調(diào)節(jié)代謝,適應(yīng)環(huán)境 E 調(diào)節(jié)代謝,適應(yīng)環(huán)境,維持生長、發(fā)育與分化 14 下述關(guān)于管家基因表達(dá)的描述最確切的是 (只有一個正確答案) A 在生物個體的所有細(xì)胞中表達(dá) B 在生物個體生命全過程幾乎所有細(xì)胞中持續(xù)表達(dá) C 在生物個體生命全過程部分細(xì)胞中持續(xù)表達(dá) D 特定環(huán)境下, 在生物個體生命全過程幾乎所有細(xì) 胞中持續(xù)表達(dá) E 特定環(huán)境下,在生物個體生命全過程部分細(xì)胞中 持續(xù)表達(dá) 15 基本的基因表達(dá) (只有一個正確答案) A 有誘導(dǎo)劑存在時表達(dá)水平增高 B 有誘導(dǎo)劑存在時表達(dá)水平降低 C 有阻遏劑存在時表達(dá)水平增高 D 有阻遏劑存在時表達(dá)水平降低 E 極少受誘導(dǎo)劑或阻遏劑的影響 16 紫外線照射引起 DNA損傷時,細(xì)菌 DNA修復(fù)酶 基因表達(dá)增強(qiáng),這種現(xiàn)象被稱為 (只有一個正確答案) A 誘導(dǎo) B 阻遏 C