【導(dǎo)讀】歐債危機(jī)四國(guó)流失資金3260億存款部分轉(zhuǎn)移德國(guó)?！妒澜鐖?bào)》20日?qǐng)?bào)道，到今年7月為止的一年時(shí)間裏，西。在同一時(shí)間之內(nèi)，歐洲有7個(gè)國(guó)家的銀行存款大量增加，其中德、法兩國(guó)增加最快，約有3000億歐元。情況迫使流失國(guó)銀行提高存款利息以挽留客戶。能收取%的利息，由此帶來(lái)相當(dāng)大的損失。存款從一國(guó)轉(zhuǎn)移到另一國(guó)的現(xiàn)象還造成歐元區(qū)銀行的分裂，消弱歐洲央行的一系列貨幣政策，併為恢復(fù)經(jīng)濟(jì)帶來(lái)困難。歐債禍及北歐多國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)不振[2020/09/07經(jīng)濟(jì)日?qǐng)?bào)]. 歐債危機(jī)已禍及北歐，導(dǎo)致區(qū)內(nèi)多國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)不振。存款負(fù)利率，恐削弱當(dāng)?shù)劂y行業(yè)。界及企業(yè)憂慮，增加央行減息的壓力。連非歐元國(guó)亦不能倖免，歐元區(qū)的芬蘭自然更受影響。%，按年跌%，為2020年第四季以來(lái)最差表現(xiàn)。及挪威，同期反而錄得%及1%增長(zhǎng)。令芬蘭09年經(jīng)濟(jì)嚴(yán)重萎縮%，至近年才好轉(zhuǎn)。芬蘭很可能已步入衰退，政府需要就。原估將衰退%，相對(duì)6月跌幅為%。年同月則成長(zhǎng)%。南韓製造業(yè)信心目前接近金融危機(jī)席捲全球以來(lái)最低水準(zhǔn)。

　　

【正文】 as Prentice Hall Are Graphs of Economic Relationships Always Straight Lines? The relationship between two variables is linear when it can be represented by a straight line. Few economic relationships are actually linear. If we carefully plot data on the price of a product and the quantity demanded at each price, holding constant other variables that affect the quantity demanded, we will usually find a curved—or nonlinear—relationship. In practice, it is often useful to approximate a nonlinear relationship with a linear relationship. If the relationship is reasonably close to being linear, the analysis is not significantly affected. 30 of 34 169。 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall Figure The Slope of a Nonlinear Curve The relationship between the quantity of iPhones produced and the total cost of production is curved rather than linear. In moving from point A to point B, the quantity produced increases by 1 million iPhones, while the total cost of production increases by $50 million. Farther up the curve, as we move from point C to point D, the change in quantity is the same—1 million iPhones—but the change in the total cost of production is now much larger: $250 million. Because the change in the y variable has increased, while the change in the x variable has remained the same, we know that the slope has increased. 31 of 34 169。 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall Here we measure the slope of the curve at a particular point by the slope of the tangent line. The slope of the tangent line at point B is 75, and the slope of the tangent line at point C is 150. 75175Q u a n t it yC o s t ??? ?1 5 011 5 0Q u a n t it yC o s t ??? ?Figure The Slope of a Nonlinear Curve 32 of 34 169。 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall Formulas Formula for a Percentage Change 100 p e r i o df i r s t i n t h e V a l u e p e r i o df i r s t i n t h e V a l u ep e r i o d s e c o n d i n t h e V a l u ec h a n g e P e r c e n t a g e ???One important formula is the percentage change, which is the change in some economic variable, usually from one period to the next, expressed as a percentage. 33 of 34 169。 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall Formulas for the Areas of a Rectangle and a Triangle Figure Showing a Firm’s Total Revenue on a Graph The area of a rectangle is equal to its base multiplied by its height. Total revenue is equal to quantity multiplied by price. Here, total revenue is equal to the quantity of 125,000 bottles times the price of $ per bottle, or $250,000. The area of the greenshaded rectangle shows the firm’s total revenue. H e i g h tB a s er e c t a n g l e a of A r e a ??34 of 34 169。 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall Figure The Area of a Triangle H e i g h tB a s e21 t r i a n g l ea of A r e a ???The area of a triangle is equal to 1?2 multiplied by its base multiplied by its height. The area of the blueshaded triangle has a base equal to 150,000 – 125,000, or 25,000, and a height equal to $ – $, or $. Therefore, its area equals 1/2 25,000 $, or $6,250. 35 of 34 169。 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall Summary of Using Formulas 1. Make sure you understand the economic concept the formula represents. 2. Make sure you are using the correct formula for the problem you are solving. 3. Make sure the number you calculate using the formula is economically reasonable. For example, if you are using a formula to calculate a firm’s revenue and your answer is a negative number, you know you made a mistake somewhere. Whenever you must use a formula, you should follow these steps: