社會網(wǎng)絡簡介-資料下載頁
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【導讀】透過社會網(wǎng)絡分析可以較為精準的勾勒出。何謂的「社會結構環(huán)境」。將焦點置於關係模式需要一套有別於傳統(tǒng)。統(tǒng)計分析的新方法及分析概念。行動者及其行動之間具有互相依賴關係，而不。是將之視為獨立自主的個體。行動者之間的連結關係為資源移轉(zhuǎn)及流通。網(wǎng)絡模型認為網(wǎng)絡結構環(huán)境可以為個別行動提。供機會或產(chǎn)生行動的侷限。網(wǎng)絡模型將「結構」視為是行動者之間的持續(xù)。社會行為的結構侷限。專注於社會行動單位彼此之間的關係focuson. 與同重的他人的複雜關係影響行為relationships. 結構是網(wǎng)絡的網(wǎng)絡structureisaworkof. 獨立的雙人組進行互動。更大的類別群組也可能毫無群組可言。並不事先預設結構是由界線分明的群體所組成的。不影響的主流社會科學方法。英國社會人類學家：英國的結構功能學派。大量的城鄉(xiāng)流動會不會使得新移民變成
【正文】 distribute scares resources 網(wǎng)絡分析的理論基礎 Copyright 169。 2020, Valdis Krebs “Structural Analysis: from method and metaphor to theory and substance.” Analytic Principles ?Crosslinkages connected clusters as well as individuals ?例如： Interlocking directorates 網(wǎng)絡分析的理論基礎 A B C D E F G A K N L M H B 重點不在 A與 B同在一個董事會上，而是A和 B同為兩家不同公司的董事而將這兩家公司產(chǎn)生連結 “Structural Analysis: from method and metaphor to theory and substance.” Analytic Principles ?網(wǎng)絡結構透過合作競爭來爭取稀少資源Networks structure collaborative and petitive activities to secure scarce resources 網(wǎng)絡分析的理論基礎 “A manifesto for Relational Sociology” ?“Substantialism vs Relationalism” ?Theoretical Domains: Power, equality, freedom, agency ?Substantive domains (research): Social Structure Network analysis Culture Social Psychology ?Problems Boundary specification Network dynamics Causality Normative implication 網(wǎng)絡分析的理論基礎 substantialism and relationalism ? The key question confronting sociologists in the present day is not “material versus ideal,” “structure versus agency,” “individual versus society,” or any of the other dualisms so often noted。 rather, it is the choice between substantialism and relationalism. substantialism and relationalism ? the substantialist perspective: it is substances of various kinds (things, beings, essences) that constitute the fundamental units of all inquiry. ? 主體先存於 行動或關係 ? 與語法結構有關： ? “ processreduction”風吹，河流，好像風及河可以存於靜止狀態(tài) Two major subtantialist approaches ? (1) Selfaction: ? Methodological individualism: selfaction, rational choice, game theory. ? Normfollowing individual: sociology, internalized norm ? Holistic theory : 以團體為主體單位的分析 Such entities possess emergent properties not reducible to the discrete elements of which they consist. ? sequences of action如社會運動 Two major subtantialist approaches ? (2) interaction: “variablecentered approach,” ? Andrew Abbott (1988, p. 170) points out, a pelling imagery of fixed entities with variable attributes that “interact, in causal or actual time, to create outes” ? it is the variable attributes themselves that “act,” that supply initiative, in interactional research Transaction ? Relational theorists reject the notion that one can posit discrete, pregiven units such as the individual or society as ultimate starting points of sociological analysis. ? Individual persons, whether strategic or norm following, are inseparable from the transactional contexts within which they are embedded. ? What is distinct about the transactional approach is that it sees relations ? between terms or units as preeminently dynamic in nature, as unfolding, ? ongoing processes rather than as static ties among inert substances. Theoretical implication ? Power ? Equality ? Freedom ? Agency Research direction and techniques ? Social structure (social work analysis) ? Culture ? New Structural Social pyschology Problems ? Boundary specification ? Network dynamics ? Causality ? Normative implications
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