【導(dǎo)讀】英語語音音素的分類較易掌握。根據(jù)元音發(fā)音過程中舌頭抬起的部位不同可分為前、中、后元音（具體細(xì)節(jié)。請(qǐng)參考Lesson1），如音素[i:]在發(fā)音時(shí)舌前端抬起是為前元音，音素[u]發(fā)音時(shí)舌后部抬起是為后元音；根據(jù)輔。時(shí)聲帶振動(dòng)，則稱之為濁輔音。按這種走氣方式所發(fā)出的輔音，稱其為爆破音。而有些音素在發(fā)音時(shí)，氣流在口腔中一些特定的部位產(chǎn)生摩擦，如音素[f]與[v]是氣流在上齒與下齒之間摩擦而生的，這類輔音被稱為摩擦音。這些分類乍看起來很復(fù)雜，其實(shí)。通過分類表格進(jìn)行分類、比較之后，就顯得簡明易懂，容易記憶了。英式發(fā)音與美式發(fā)音的差異在發(fā)音上雖有一定的規(guī)律，但掌握起來并不是很容易，需要大量的聽力練習(xí)。英語音素的分類知識(shí)對(duì)于掌握正確的發(fā)音及單詞的拼寫規(guī)律很有幫助。了解，可以使大家很容易地掌握朗讀中的音的變化，進(jìn)而解決聽力中被視為老大難問題的“音變現(xiàn)象”。在聽力中區(qū)分英音與美音時(shí)很重要的，這是基本功。同時(shí)氣流從咽腔和口腔不斷流出，不受阻

　　

【正文】 rge charge smart 2. /0r/ dear clear fear cheer here 3. /Gr/ air dare pear their where 4. [C] for more door pour before 5. /?r/ /jur/ sure poor tour cure fewer 新東方在線 [] 網(wǎng)絡(luò)課堂電子教材系列 13 6. /Dr/ her turn learn word first 7. /a0r/ fire tired higher liar buyer 8. /a?r/ hour flour shower power tower 9. /C0r/ destroyer employer 元音區(qū)別 B 英語中的元音 /a:/在用于 /f， L， s/或鼻音前時(shí)，美語發(fā)為 /$/,但在字母組合 lm 前發(fā)音不變 仍為 /A:/。 (When it is used before/f， L， s/ or nasalities, the vowel /A:/ is pronounced as /$/. But it is not changed before letter bination lm.) RP GA 1. half /hA:f/ /h$f/ 2. bath /bA:L/ /b$L/ 3. pass /pA:s/ /p$s/ 4. sample /sA:mpl/ /s$mpl/ 5. dance /dA:ns/ /d$ns/ 6. calm /kA:m/ / k$m / 7. palm /pA:m / /p$m / ● 聽辨及跟讀練習(xí) A. Passage After Charles had left the country, he started to farm in Derbyshire. This was different from marching past a sergeant. ―I can‘t play cards now,‖ thought Charles.― I can‘t go to dances, nor laugh with my radesinarms. But I shan‘t break my heart,‖ he laughed. ― I have a car, and life is sweet and calm.‖ B. Dialogue At a Party Margaret： Where‘s your glass, Barbara? Barbara： It‘s on the bar. Martin： Barbara, Margaret! Come into the garden! Martha and Charles are dancing on the grass! Margaret： In the garden? What a laugh! Barbara： So they are! Margaret： They are dancing under the stars! Martin： And Arnold‘s playing his guitar. Barbara： Doesn‘t Martha look smart? Margaret： Look at Charles! What a marvelous dancer! Barbara： Ah! Let‘s take a photograph of Martha and Charles. Martin： We can‘t. It‘s too dark. 元音區(qū)別 C 英語 /C:/變?yōu)槊勒Z /C/。 (British /C:/ is changing to /C/ in American English.) RP GA 1. bought /bC:t/ /bCt/ 2. talk /tC:k/ /tCk/ 3. ball /bC:l/ /bCl/ 4. caught /kC:t/ /kCt/ 5. saw /sC:/ /sC/ 新東方在線 [] 網(wǎng)絡(luò)課堂電子教材系列 14 6. applaud /DplC:d/ /DplCd/ ● 聽辨及跟讀練習(xí) A. Read the following words, paying attention to the pronunciation of /C/. coffee water caught law bought boss tall talk lawyer fought walk ball cause draw daughter August saw ought B. Passage One morning in August, at dawn, he rode his horse past the lawn, along the wall to the orchard. ―How awful not to have been born,‖ he called to his daughter. ―You fought a war for this,‖ she thought. Then they walked in the cornfields, and thanked the Lord for their good fortune. C. Dialogue A Football Game Sports Report on Channel 4 Announcer： This morning the Horses returned from their game in Boston. Paul Short, our sports reporter, was at the airport to meet them. Paul Short： Good morning. I‘m Paul Short. All the football players are walking toward me. Here‘s Gee Small, the halfback. Good morning, Gee. Gee Small： Good morning. Are you a reporter? Paul Short： Yes. I‘m from Channel 4. Please tell our audience what you thought about the game in Boston. Gee Small： Well, it was just awful. We lost. The score was 4 to 44. But it wasn‘t my fault. Paul Short： Whose fault was it? Gee Small： The forwards. Paul Short： The forwards? Gee Small： Yes, the forwards. They were always falling down or dropping the ball! I think the other team bought them some beer before the match! D. Little poem Good morning to all. Good morning to all who walk, Good morning to all who crawl, Good morning to all who soar, Or swim, good morning I call. To broad and to small, to short and to tall, Good morning, good morning to all. 元音區(qū)別 D 英語 /C/變?yōu)槊勒Z /A/。 (British/C/ is changing to/A/ in American English.) RP GA 1. cot /kCt/ /kAt/ 2. clock /klCk/ /klAk/ 3. shop /NCp/ /NAp/ 4. box /bCks/ /bAks/ 5. not /nCt/ /nAt/ 6. hot /hCt/ /hAt/ 新東方在線 [] 網(wǎng)絡(luò)課堂電子教材系列 15 ● 聽辨及跟讀練習(xí) A. Read the following words, while paying attention to the different pronunciation of /A/. what want wash watch bottle romise shop job hot top college pot B. Passage ―I want an Orange Squash. I‘m hot. And tell me the time, because my watch has stopped,‖ John said while wiggling his wrist. ―It‘s one o‘clock,‖ replied Tom. ―And there‘s noOrange Squash. All we have in the cupboard is a cough drop.‖ ―I suppose they‘re quality cough drops, then?‖ ―What a lot of rot you talk!‖ C. Dialogue Voice A： What‘s the matter, Mr. Block? Mr. Block： What‘s the matter? I want a break from this horrible job of washing socks! Voice B： Buy a bottle of Starwash, Mr. Block. Voice C： Starwash does the job. Voice D： But it‘s not a hard job with Starwash. Voice A： You don‘t need lots of hot water with Starwash. Voice B： Star washing the modern way―with Starwash. Voice C： Starwash is marvelous for all your washable clothes. Everybody： Starwash is so popular! Voice C： Next time you shop, pick up a bottle of Starwash. D. Little poem Froggyboggy sat on a rock. Froggyboggy had a great shock. Froggyboggy fell off the top. Into the pond he fell with a plop. 元音區(qū)別 E 英語 /K/、 /D/在美語中不再區(qū)分，讀為 /D/。 (British/K/、 /D/ are not distinguished in American English.) The main features in pronouncing the sound of /D/ are： 1. Hold the front part of your tongue low in your mouth. 2. Touch the lowe