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門禁系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計及維護(hù)畢業(yè)論-資料下載頁

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【正文】 lize information exchange and resource sharing, must have a mon language between them. Communicate what when, how to municate and exchange, all must follow certain rules can be accepted by each other. This rule is the munication protocol. Communication protocol (munications protocol) refers to the entity plete munication or service must follow the rules and conventions. Agreement defines the format used data unit, information unit should contain information and meaning, connection, information sent and received timing, to ensure that the work data transfer smoothly to determine the place. In puter munications, puter and work munication protocol used to implement the connection between the standard, the work if there is no unified munication protocol, 19 information transmission between the puter can39。t recognize. Communication protocol is refers to the munication of the parties had agreed munication rules, can be simply interpreted as to mutual conversation between each puter used by the mon language. When two puters to municate, you must use the munication protocol. Communication protocol is administrative, reliability and validity. His layered system structure is plex munication work deposition coordination problem, then deal with simplified, respectively, in order to facilitate the understanding of the work and the design and implementation of each part. Hierarchical structure diagram as shown. The function of each layer to achieve relatively independent, provide services to the upper, lower the upper is lower level of the user。 Is advantageous to the munication, understanding, standardization。 Agreement for only one layer, for munication between the same entity。 Easy to implement and maintain。 Flexibility is good, the structure can be divided Agreement is mainly posed of the following three elements: Grammar: how to speak, data format, coding and signal level (level of). Semantics: what, the data content, meaning, and control information. Timing rules (sequence) : the order of clear munication, rate matching and sorting TCP/IP (Transport Control Protocol/Inter Protocol, transmission 20 Control Protocol/Inter Protocol) should be traced back to the history of the Inter era of its predecessor ARPA. In order to realize the interconnection between different works, the department of defense from 1977 to 1977 made the TCP/IP architecture and protocol. TCP/IP is posed of a set of professional USES a bination of multiple child agreement, these protocols include TCP, IP, UDP, ARP, ICMP, etc. TCP/IP with its implementation of low cost, safe and reliable munication between multiple platforms and routable advantages of rapid development, and bee the standard protocols of the Inter. In the 1990 s, the TCP/IP has bee the preferred protocol in local area work (LAN), in the latest operating system (such as Windows 7, Windows XP, Windows Server2021, etc.) will be in the TCP/IP as the default installation of munication protocols. 21 譯 文: 數(shù)據(jù)通信協(xié)議 數(shù)據(jù)通信協(xié)議 Data munication protocol 亦稱數(shù)據(jù)通信控制協(xié)議。是為保證數(shù)據(jù)通信網(wǎng)中通信雙方能有效,可靠通信而規(guī)定的一系列約定。這些約定包括數(shù)據(jù)的格式,順序和速率,數(shù)據(jù)傳輸?shù)拇_認(rèn)或拒收,差錯檢測,重傳控制和詢問等操作。數(shù)據(jù)通信協(xié)議分兩類:一類稱為基本型通信控制協(xié)議,用于以 字符 為基本單位的數(shù)據(jù)傳輸,如 BSC 協(xié)議(二進(jìn)制同步同步通信協(xié)議);另一類稱為高級鍵路控制協(xié)議,用于以比特為基本單位的數(shù)據(jù)傳輸,如 HDLC(高級數(shù)據(jù)鍵路控制協(xié)議)和 SDLC(同步數(shù)據(jù)鍵路控制協(xié)議)。 基本型協(xié)議使用于簡單的低速通信系統(tǒng),傳輸速度一般不超過 9600bps,通信為異步 /同步半雙工方式 .超錯控制為方針碼校驗。高級鍵路控制協(xié)議采用統(tǒng)一的幀格式,可靠性高,效率高,透明性高,廣泛用于 公用數(shù)據(jù)網(wǎng) 和計算機(jī) 網(wǎng)。 傳輸速率 一般在 到 64kbps,通信為同步全雙工方式連續(xù)發(fā)送, 差錯控制 為 循環(huán)冗余碼 校驗。實際 上,通信協(xié)議一般分成互相獨立的若干層次。按 ISO 的 OSI七層參考模型功用數(shù)據(jù)網(wǎng)的數(shù)據(jù)通信協(xié)議主要涉及前三層,即 物理層 .數(shù)據(jù)鍵路層和 網(wǎng)絡(luò)層 。例如,流行的分組交換網(wǎng)常以 CCITT 建議的 協(xié)議作為通信協(xié)議的基礎(chǔ)部分。 通信協(xié)議是 通過通信信道和設(shè) 備互連起來的多個不同地理位置的 數(shù)據(jù)通信 系統(tǒng),要使其能協(xié)同工作實現(xiàn)信息交換和資源共享,它們之間必須具有共同的語言。交流什么、怎樣交流及何時交流,都必須遵循某種互相都能接受的規(guī)則。這個規(guī)則就是通信協(xié)議。 通信協(xié)議( munications protocol)是指雙方實體完成通信或服務(wù)所必須遵循的規(guī)則和約定。協(xié)議定義了 數(shù)據(jù)單元 使用的格式,信息單元應(yīng)該包含的信息與含義,連接方式,信息發(fā)送和接收的時序,從而確保網(wǎng)絡(luò)中數(shù)據(jù)順利地傳送到確定的地方 。 在 計算機(jī) 通信中,通信協(xié)議用于實現(xiàn) 計算機(jī) 與網(wǎng)絡(luò)連接之間的 標(biāo)準(zhǔn),網(wǎng)絡(luò)如果沒有統(tǒng)一的通信協(xié)議,電腦之間的 信息 傳遞就無法識別。 通信協(xié)議是指通信各方事前約定的通信規(guī)則,可以簡單地理解為各計算機(jī)之間進(jìn)行相互會話所使用的共同語言。兩臺計算機(jī)在進(jìn)行通信時,必須使用的 通信協(xié)議 。 通信協(xié)議具有層次性、可靠性和有效性 。他的 體系結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行分層就是吧復(fù)雜的通信網(wǎng)絡(luò)協(xié)調(diào)問題進(jìn)行分解,再分別處理 的問題簡化,以便于網(wǎng)絡(luò)的理解及各部分的設(shè)計和實現(xiàn)。分層結(jié)構(gòu)示意圖如圖所示。每一層實現(xiàn)相對獨立的功能,下層向上層提供服務(wù),上層是下層的用戶;有利于交流、理解、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化;協(xié)議僅針對某一層,為同等實體之間通信制定;易于實現(xiàn)和維護(hù);靈活性較好,結(jié)構(gòu)上可分割 。 協(xié)議主要由以下三個要素組成: 語法: “ 如何講 ” ,數(shù)據(jù)的格式、編碼和信號等級( 電平 的高低)。 語義: “ 講什么 ” ,數(shù)據(jù)內(nèi)容、含義以及控制信息。 定時規(guī)則(時序):明確通信的順序、速率匹配和排序 22 TCP/IP( Transport Control Protocol/Inter Protocol,傳輸控制協(xié)議/Inter 協(xié)議)的歷史應(yīng)當(dāng)追溯到 Inter 的前身 — ARPA 時代。為了實現(xiàn)不同網(wǎng)絡(luò)之間的互連,美國國防部于 1977 年到 1979 年間制定了 TCP/IP 體系結(jié)構(gòu)和協(xié)議。 TCP/IP 是由一組具有專業(yè)用途的多個子協(xié)議組合而成的,這些子協(xié)議包括 TCP、 IP、 UDP、 ARP、 ICMP 等。 TCP/IP 憑借其實現(xiàn)成本低、在多平臺間通信安全可靠以及可路由性等優(yōu)勢迅速發(fā)展,并成為 Inter 中的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)協(xié)議。在上世紀(jì)90 年代, TCP/IP 已經(jīng)成為局域網(wǎng)中的首選協(xié)議,在最新的操作系統(tǒng)(如 WindowsWindows XP、 Windows Server2021 等)中已經(jīng)將 TCP/IP 作為其默認(rèn)安裝的通信協(xié)議。
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