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X 和 Y公司是生產(chǎn)相同產(chǎn)品的企業(yè),兩家各占市場份額一半,故兩家公司的需求曲線均為 P=,但 X 公司的成本函數(shù)為 TC=400000+600Qx+, Y公司的成本函數(shù)為TC=600000+300Qy+,試計(jì)算: ( 1) x 和 y 公司的利潤極大化的價(jià)格和產(chǎn)出。 ( 2) 兩個(gè)企業(yè)之間是否存在價(jià)格沖突? ( 3) 你是 X 公司的經(jīng)理,你將對 Y 公司的定價(jià)采取 什么對策? 解:( 1) X公司: TR= 2400Qx 對 TR求 Q 的導(dǎo)數(shù),得 MR= 對 TC=400000+600Qx+ 求 Q 的導(dǎo)數(shù),得 MC= 600+ 令 MR= MC,得: = 600+ Qx=4500,再將 4500代入 P= 得: P= 4500 = 1950 Y 公司 :對 TR= 對 Q求導(dǎo), 得: MR= 對 TC=600000+300Qy+ Q的導(dǎo)數(shù),得: MC= 300+ 令 MR= MC,得: 300+ = QY=3500,再將 3500代入 P= , 得 PY =2050 ( 2)兩公司之間存在價(jià)格沖突。 ( 3)這兩個(gè)企業(yè)定價(jià)不同,所以確實(shí)存著價(jià)格沖突。如果僅從價(jià)格上看, X 公司處于優(yōu)勢。但在實(shí)際中,企業(yè)競爭不僅僅是價(jià)格競爭,而要涉及到企業(yè)整體方方面面的考慮。所以, X公司對Y 公司的定價(jià)反應(yīng)還要考慮其它因素,不能僅考慮價(jià)格差異。 一個(gè)廠商在勞動(dòng)市場上處于完全競爭,而在產(chǎn)出市場上處于壟斷。 已知它所面臨的市場需求曲線為 P= 200- Q,當(dāng)廠商產(chǎn)量為 60時(shí)獲得最大利潤。若市場工資率為 1200 時(shí),最后一位工人的邊際產(chǎn)量是多少? 解:廠商面臨的市場需求曲線即為平均收益曲線,即: AR= P=200- Q 因此,總收益曲線為: TR= ARQ = 200Q- Q2 邊際收益曲線為: MR= 200- 2Q由于勞動(dòng)市場完全競爭,產(chǎn)出市場壟斷,因此廠商使用勞動(dòng)的利潤最大化原則為: MRP= MRMP = R ( 200- 2Q) MP = 1200, 利潤最大化時(shí), Q= 60代入, MR= 15。 完成下列表,這個(gè)表說明企業(yè)只使用一種投入: 問:利潤極大化的投入 W 的使用數(shù)量為多少? 解:從表中可以看出利潤極大化的投入為 4 個(gè)單位,此時(shí) MPRX為 60,而 MPCX 為 55,二者最接近,所得銷售收入為 340元,所負(fù)擔(dān)成本為 220 元,利潤為 120元。 設(shè)有下列經(jīng)濟(jì)模型: Y= C+ I+ G, I= 20+ , C= 40+ , G= 60。 試求:( 1)邊際消費(fèi)傾向和邊際儲蓄傾向。( 2)均衡的 Y, C,I。 解:( 1)邊際消費(fèi)傾向 B= ,邊際儲蓄傾向= 1- = ( 2) Y= C+ I+ G= 40+ + 20+ + 60 Y= 600 C= 40+ = 430 I= 20+ = 110 1 假如社會總需求由消費(fèi)和投資兩部分組成,國民經(jīng)濟(jì)均衡要求國民收入等于社會總需求,如果在初始年份兩者是相等的,都是 1500億元,現(xiàn)在:( 1)每期投資額增加 100 億元,國民邊際消費(fèi)傾向?yàn)?,試問國民收入要達(dá)到多少億元才能使國民經(jīng)濟(jì)恢復(fù)均衡?( 2)如果不是每期投資額都增加 100 億元,而是每期消費(fèi)額增加 100 億元,上述答案是否會變?如果每期消費(fèi)額增加 150 億元呢? 解:( 1)國民收入增加額= 1001 /( 1- )= 1000元 國民收入要達(dá) 到 2500元才能恢復(fù)國民經(jīng)濟(jì)均衡。 ( 2)如果每期消費(fèi)額增加 100億元,上述答案不會變。如果每期消費(fèi)額增加 150 億元?jiǎng)t: 國民收入增加額= 1501 /( 1- )= 1500元 國民收入要達(dá)到 3000元才能恢復(fù)國民經(jīng)濟(jì)均衡。 1 如果國民邊際儲蓄傾向?yàn)?,求: ( 1)該經(jīng)濟(jì)的投資乘數(shù); ( 2)當(dāng)投資增加 100時(shí),國民收入、消費(fèi)和儲蓄的增加量。 解:( 1)投資乘數(shù) K= 1/ = 4 ( 2)收入增加量 ΔY = KΔI = 4100 = 400 消費(fèi)增加量 ΔC = ΔYB = 400 ( 1- )= 300 儲蓄增 加量 ΔS = ΔY ( 1- B)= 400 = 100 1 已知: C= 100+ ( Y- T), I= 900- 25R, G= 100, T= 100, Md/ P= + 100- 50r, Ms= 500, P= 1,求均衡的 Y和利率 r。 P44 解:產(chǎn)品市場均衡的條件為: Y= C+ I+ G= 100+ ( Y- 100)+ 900- 25r+ 100 得: + 25r= 1030 ① 貨幣市場均衡的條件為: + 100- 50r= 500 ② 由于 ①② 求得均衡收入 Y為 3075,均衡利率 r 為 。 1 已知貨幣供給量 M= 220,貨幣需求方程為 L= + / r,投資函數(shù)為 i= 195- 2021r,儲蓄函數(shù)為 S=- 50+ 。設(shè)價(jià)格水平 P= 1,求均衡的收入水平和利率水平。 解:產(chǎn)品市場均衡的條件為: I= S 195- 2021r=- 50+ + 2021r= 245 ① 貨幣市場均衡的條件為: L= M/ P + / r+ 200 ② 由于 ①② 得: Y= 500, r= 5 您好,為你提供優(yōu)秀的畢業(yè)論文參考資料,請您刪除以下內(nèi)容, O(∩ _∩ )O 謝謝?。?! A large group of tea merchants on camels and horses from Northwest China39。s Shaanxi province pass through a stop on the ancient Silk Road, Gansu39。s Zhangye city during their journey to Kazakhstan, May 5, 2021. The caravan, consisting of more than 100 camels, three horsedrawn carriages and four support vehicles, started the trip from Jingyang county in Shaanxi on Sept 19, 2021. It will pass through Gansu province and Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region, and finally arrive in Almaty, formerly known as AlmaAta, the largest city in Kazakhstan, and Dungan in Zhambyl province. The trip will cover about 15,000 kilometers and take the caravan more than one year to plete. The caravan is expected to return to Jingyang in March 2021. Then they will e back, carrying specialty products from Kazakhstan A small art troupe founded six decades ago has grown into a household name in the Inner Mongolia autonomous region. In the 1950s, Ulan Muqir Art Troupe was created by nine young musicians, who toured remote villages on horses and performed traditional Mongolian music and dances for nomadic families. The 54yearold was born in Tongliao, in eastern Inner Mongolia and joined the troupe in says there are 74 branch troupes across Inner Mongolia and actors give around 100 shows every year to local nomadic people. I can still recall the days when I toured with the troupe in the early 39。80s. We sat on the back of pickup trucks for hours. The sky was blue, and we couldn39。t help but sing the folk songs, Nasun says. The vastness of Inner Mongolia and the lack of entertainment options for people living there, made their lives lonely. The nomadic people were very excited about our visits, Nasun recalls. We didn39。t have a formal stage. The audience just sat on the grass. Usually, the performances became a big party with local people joining in. For him, the rewarding part about touring isn39。t just about sharing art with nomadic families but also about gaining inspiration for the music and dance. Ulan Muqir literally translates as red burgeon, and today39。s performers of the troupe still tour the region39。s villages and entertain nomadic families, but their fame has spread around the world. On May 16 and 17, nearly 100 singers and dancers from the troupe performed at Beijing39。s Poly Theater. Their show, titled Ulan Muqir on the Grassland, depicted the history and development of the art troupe. Being from the region allowed me to embrace the culture of Inner Mongolia and being a member of the troupe showed me where I belonged, Nasun, the art troupe39。s president, who is also a renowned tenor, tells China Daily. During a tour in 1985, he went to a village and met an elderly local man, who told him a story about his friendship with a solider from Shenyang, capital of Northeast China39。s Liaoning province, decades ago. The solider gave the old man a handmade saddle when they bid farewell. The story inspired Nasun to write Carved Saddle, a song that later became one of his most popular numbers. Now, every year, Nasun recruits young singers and dancers for the troupe. The troupe has also designed a new repertoire, which is mostly based on the daily lives of Mongolian people, especially the lives of nomadic families, and has bined contemporary musical elements with folk songs of the regio