【正文】 慢 — 快 — 慢的趨勢(shì)，相對(duì)生長(zhǎng)則呈快 — 慢 — 快的趨勢(shì)。（ √ ） 34. 飼養(yǎng)試驗(yàn)可反映日糧對(duì)畜禽 的綜合影響，又可用于驗(yàn)證其他方法評(píng)定飼料營(yíng)養(yǎng)價(jià)值的結(jié)果，依據(jù)其結(jié)果或結(jié)論指導(dǎo)生產(chǎn)實(shí)踐，故它能完全準(zhǔn)確地評(píng)定飼料的營(yíng)養(yǎng)價(jià)值。（ ） 35. 畜禽器官組織在其生長(zhǎng)關(guān)鍵階段，營(yíng)養(yǎng)需求特別嚴(yán)格，如得不到滿足，就會(huì)導(dǎo) 6 致挫傷，引起“生長(zhǎng)停滯”，但恢復(fù)正常飼養(yǎng)之后即可以彌補(bǔ)。（ ） 36．修補(bǔ)體組織的損耗屬于維持需要范疇。（ √ ） 37．一般地，真消化率要高于表觀消化率。（ √ ） 38．在建立一個(gè)大型畜牧場(chǎng)時(shí)，我們首先要考慮的問題是交通。（ ） 39．在 100000（ g、 mg、 ?g、 Ib 等）飼料總量中，某種養(yǎng)分所占的比例為 ppm 。（ √ ） 40．一般地，植物性脂肪中含 SFA 較多，而動(dòng)物性脂肪含 UFA 較多。（ √ ） 41．從化學(xué)角度考慮，動(dòng)物生長(zhǎng)可簡(jiǎn)單概括為蛋白質(zhì)的沉積。（ ） 六、計(jì)算題 1． 1kg 飼料中含有 粗蛋白質(zhì)，問 1kg飼料中含多少克氮？ 答： 1． N*=CP N=2．體重為 100 千克豬的維持凈能需要量是多少千焦耳（ kJ）？ 答： 2． 300**= Kj 3. 1kg 飼料中含有 25g 粗蛋白質(zhì)，問 1kg飼料中含多少克氮？ 答：凈蛋白效率比： N*=CP ，N=25g/=4g 4. 一只豬的體重為 60 千克，蛋白質(zhì)的生物學(xué)效價(jià)為 55%，蛋白質(zhì)消化率為 80%， 請(qǐng)問該豬在維持狀態(tài)下的可消化蛋白質(zhì)需要量及粗蛋白需要量是多少？ 答： 可 消 化 蛋白質(zhì)的需要量： (150mg +15mg40%)247。247。 1000= 備注： = 蛋白質(zhì) 需 要 量 ：(150mg +150mg 40%)5247。247。247。 1000= 公式：維持粗蛋白質(zhì)需要 =（內(nèi)源尿氮 +代謝類氮） 247。 蛋白質(zhì)消化率 247。 蛋白質(zhì)生物學(xué)效價(jià) 代謝類氮為內(nèi)源尿氮的 40% 一只羊的體重為 20 千克，請(qǐng)問該羊的維持凈能需要量是多少？ 答：羊維持的凈能需要量為： 300 （焦耳） 300 = 300 =焦耳 七 、論述題 三聚氰胺能否被動(dòng)物利用？畜禽采食含有三聚氰胺的飼料后，對(duì)肉蛋奶等產(chǎn)品 的安全有何影響？ 答：三聚氰胺（英文名： Melamine），是一種三嗪類含氮雜環(huán)有機(jī)化合物，重要的氮雜環(huán)有機(jī)化工原料。簡(jiǎn)稱三胺，俗稱蜜胺、蛋白精，又叫 2 ,4 ,6 三氨基 1,3,5三嗪、 1,3,5三嗪 2,4,6三胺、 2,4,6三氨基脲、三聚氰酰胺、氰脲三酰胺。三聚氰胺含氮量為 %，是鮮牛奶的 151倍，是奶粉的 23 倍。每 100g 牛奶中添加 克三聚氰胺，理論上就能提高 %蛋白質(zhì)。 三聚氰胺不被代謝，很快即通過尿液排出，在血漿中的半衰期約為 3 小時(shí)。該化合物具有急性毒性 。動(dòng)物長(zhǎng)期攝入三聚氰胺會(huì)造成生殖、泌尿系統(tǒng)的損害，膀胱、腎部結(jié)石，并可進(jìn)一步誘發(fā)膀胱癌。大鼠的經(jīng)口半數(shù)致死量為每公斤體重 3161 毫克。食用含有三聚氰胺的食品造成的主要中毒癥狀是大、小鼠的結(jié)石、炎癥反應(yīng)、膀胱增生、膀胱結(jié)石和血尿癥等；狗的三聚氰胺晶尿癥。在為期 103周的試驗(yàn)中，向雄性大鼠喂食三聚氰胺含量為 4500 ppm（相當(dāng)于 225 毫克 /每日每公斤體重）的食物，結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)大鼠患有膀胱癌，但雌性大鼠及雄性或雌性小鼠則未患膀胱癌。世衛(wèi)組織國(guó)際癌癥研究機(jī)構(gòu)得出的結(jié)論是，有足夠的動(dòng)物試驗(yàn)證據(jù)顯示，在造成膀胱結(jié)石的情況下，三聚氰胺具有致癌性。 2021 年先后發(fā)生了三聚氰胺奶粉事件、三聚氰胺雞蛋事件等。不法分子在奶粉中違法添加三聚氰胺，直接導(dǎo)致以奶粉為主要食物的嬰幼兒廣泛發(fā)生腎臟結(jié)石。不法分子在飼料中違法添加三聚氰胺，不僅造成動(dòng)物代謝負(fù)擔(dān)，可能影響危害動(dòng)物健康和降低生產(chǎn)性能，而且造成肉蛋奶及其加工制品中三聚氰胺殘留，危害消費(fèi)者健康，尤其是嬰幼兒的健康。 7 請(qǐng)您刪除一下內(nèi)容， O(∩_∩)O謝謝！??！ 2021 年中央電大期末復(fù)習(xí)考試小抄大全，電大期末考試必備小抄，電大考試必過小抄 Many people have the same mixed feelings when planning a trip during Golden Week. With heaps of time, the sevenday Chinese 請(qǐng)您刪除一下內(nèi)容， O(∩_∩)O謝謝?。?！National Day holiday could be the best occasion to enjoy a destination. However, it can also be the easiest way to ruin how you feel about a place and you may bee more fatigued after the holiday, due to battling the large crowds. During peak season, a dream about a place can turn to nightmare without careful planning, especially if you travel with children and older people. As most Chinese people will take the holiday to visit domestic tourist destinations, crowds and busy traffic are inevitable at most places. Also to be expected are increasing transport and acmodation prices, with the possibility that there will be no rooms available. It is also mon that you39。 ll wait in the line for one hour to get a ticket, and another two hours at the site, to only see a tiny bit of the place due to the crowds. Last year, 428 million tourists traveled in China over the weeklong holiday in October. Traveling during this period is a matter that needs thorough preparation. If you are short on time to plan the uping Golden Week it may not be a bad idea to avoid some of the most crowded places for now. There is always a place so fascinating that everyone yearns for. Arxan is a place like this. The beauty of Arxan is everlasting regardless of the changing of four seasons. Bestowed by nature, its spectacular seasonal landscape and mountains are just beyond word. Arxan is a crucial destination for the remended travelling route, China Inner Mongolia Arxan — Hailar — Manzhouli. It is also the joint of the four prairies across the SinoMongolian border, where people gravitate towards the exotic atmosphere mixed with Chinese, Russian, and Mongolia elements. As a historic site for the Yitian Battle, Arxan still embodies the spirit of Genghis Khan. Walking into Arxan, you will be amazed by a kaleidoscope of geous colors all the year round the Spring azaleas blooming red in the snow, the Summer sea wavering blue in the breeze, the Autumn leaves painted in yellow covering volcanic traces, and the Winter woods shining white on the vast alpine snowscape. Hinggan League Arxan city is situated in the far eastern area of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. Its full name Haren Arxan means hot holy water in the Mongolian language. Arxan is a tourism city in the northern frontier with a blend of large forest, grand prairies, vast snowfield, heaven lake cluster, thermium, as well as volcanic cluster. It is a rare and unique ecotourism base filled with healthy sunshine, clean air and unspoiled green. Nestled close to the country39。s largest virgin forest, and known for its spring and ecological environment, Arxan is marveled at by many tourists as the purest land on earth. You cannot miss out the Autumn of Arxan. It is definitely the best with brightlycolored scenery full of emotions. Autumn in the northern part of the country es earlier than the South. A September rain followed by the footprints of Autumn brings more colors to the once emerald green mountain and blooming grassland. Shutterbugs flock to see for themselves the marvel of splendid colors around the mountains and waters, many of whom have travel a long distance and even camp here only to capture a moment of the nature wonder. The silver birch turns golden, while the larch is still proudly green. You will find yourself drowned in the intoxicating red of the wild fruits as well as the glamour of flowers in full blown. And your heart will be lingering on the woods as it39。s time for the wild fruits to ripe. The picturesque Arxan in Autumn is indeed a fairyland only exists in a dream that satisfies all your fantasies. If it rains heavily on Saturday n