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棒材軋機(jī)液壓系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明書-資料下載頁(yè)

2025-06-01 23:53本頁(yè)面
  

【正文】 道等保持清潔的重要手段。生產(chǎn)中,液壓系統(tǒng)的 清洗通常有唐山學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì) 27 主系統(tǒng)清洗和全系統(tǒng)清洗。全系統(tǒng)清洗是指對(duì)液壓裝置的整個(gè)回路進(jìn)行清洗,在清洗前應(yīng)將系統(tǒng)恢復(fù)到實(shí)際運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)狀態(tài)。清洗介質(zhì)可用液壓油,清洗時(shí)間一般為 24小時(shí),特殊情況下也不超過(guò) 10 小時(shí),清洗效果以回路 過(guò) 濾網(wǎng)上無(wú)雜質(zhì)為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。 清洗時(shí)注意事項(xiàng): 一般液壓系統(tǒng)清洗時(shí),多采用工作用的液壓油或試車油。不能用煤油、汽油、酒精、 水 蒸氣或其它液體,防止液壓元件、管路、油箱和密封件等受腐蝕; 清洗過(guò)程中,液壓泵運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)和清洗介質(zhì)加熱同時(shí)進(jìn)行。清洗油液的溫度為( 5080) ℃ 時(shí),系統(tǒng)內(nèi)的橡膠渣是容易除掉的; 清洗過(guò)程中,可用非金屬錘棒敲擊油管,可連續(xù)地敲擊,也可不連續(xù)地敲擊,以利清除管路內(nèi)的附著物; 液壓泵間歇運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)有利于提高清洗效果,間歇時(shí)間一般為 1030min。 在清洗油路的回路上,應(yīng)裝過(guò)濾器或 過(guò) 濾網(wǎng)。剛開(kāi)始清洗時(shí),因雜質(zhì)較多,可采用 80 目 過(guò) 濾網(wǎng),清洗后期改用 150 目以上的 過(guò) 濾網(wǎng); 清洗時(shí)間一般為( 4860)小時(shí),要根據(jù)系統(tǒng)的復(fù)雜程度、過(guò)濾精度要求和污染程度等因素決定; 為了防止外界濕氣引起銹蝕,清洗結(jié)束時(shí),液壓泵還要連續(xù)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn),直到溫度恢復(fù)正常為止; 清洗后 要將回路內(nèi)的清洗油排除干凈。 系統(tǒng)的使用和維護(hù) (一)系統(tǒng)日常檢查 系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行日常檢查,以保證設(shè)備的正常運(yùn)行,檢查項(xiàng)目和內(nèi)容如下: 壓力是否穩(wěn)定和在規(guī)定范圍內(nèi); 全系統(tǒng)是否漏油; 油溫是否在范圍內(nèi),不得大于 60℃; (二) 系統(tǒng)定期檢查 系統(tǒng)定期檢查,檢查項(xiàng)目和內(nèi)容如下: 螺釘及管接頭定期緊固,每月一次; 過(guò)濾器、空氣濾清器每月檢查一次; 對(duì)電磁換向閥按其使用手冊(cè)定期檢查維修。 (三 ) 綜合檢查 唐山學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì) 28 綜合檢查每年一次。其主要內(nèi)容是檢查液壓裝置的各元件和部件,判斷其性能和壽命,并對(duì)產(chǎn)生故障的部位進(jìn)行檢修或更換元件。綜合檢查的方法主要是分解檢查,要重點(diǎn)排除一年內(nèi)可能產(chǎn)生的故障因素。 (四) 其他注意事項(xiàng) 液壓油應(yīng)經(jīng)常保持清潔; 在液壓泵啟動(dòng)和停止時(shí),應(yīng)使溢流閥卸荷; 溢流閥的調(diào)定壓力不得超過(guò)液壓系統(tǒng)的最高壓力; 盡量保持電磁閥的電壓穩(wěn)定,否則可能導(dǎo)致線圈過(guò)熱; 唐山學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì) 29 我 的畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)是 棒材 軋機(jī)液壓系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì) —— 精扎 部分 ,它主要實(shí)現(xiàn) 的功能是 對(duì)棒線材進(jìn)行軋制 。 設(shè)計(jì)之初收集了很多關(guān)于 軋機(jī) 方面的資料,對(duì)其各個(gè)部件之間的相對(duì)位置以及液壓系統(tǒng)所控制的相對(duì)應(yīng)的部分做了分析,明確了設(shè)計(jì)目標(biāo) , 這臺(tái)軋機(jī) 的運(yùn)動(dòng)過(guò)程為快進(jìn) —工進(jìn) —快退, 它的加工方式為 同時(shí)對(duì) 6 條或 6 條以上線材進(jìn)行軋制 。 系統(tǒng)中主要通過(guò)節(jié)流閥來(lái)控制通過(guò)的流量來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)所要求的功能,泵站中采用兩個(gè)泵,為開(kāi)一備一的形式,閥的形式為管路連接與疊加閥配合的方式簡(jiǎn)化了加工工藝 。 在這次設(shè)計(jì)中,主要是運(yùn)用各類手冊(cè)、產(chǎn)品樣本來(lái)完成設(shè)計(jì)。在設(shè)計(jì)中遇到了諸多的問(wèn)題, 最大的問(wèn)題就 是對(duì)實(shí)物了解比較少,對(duì)它的構(gòu)造、加工過(guò)程以及在制造它的零部件時(shí)應(yīng)注意的問(wèn)題考慮的不是很全面, 設(shè)計(jì)中還存在著很多的不足之處,希望各位老師給予批評(píng)和指正,以便我將來(lái)在實(shí)際工作中能夠更好地完成任務(wù)。 通過(guò) 這次設(shè)計(jì) ,使我對(duì)液壓系統(tǒng)有了更加深入的了解,同時(shí)也發(fā)現(xiàn)我對(duì)液壓系統(tǒng)掌握的遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不夠,這促使我以后還要更加努力地學(xué)習(xí)來(lái)不斷完善自己。 唐山學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì) 30 謝辭 畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)是對(duì)我大學(xué)三年的總結(jié),因而 促使我 投入了極大的熱情和積極性, 通過(guò)這次設(shè)計(jì),我 對(duì)本 專業(yè)知識(shí)的掌握有了 一個(gè)階段性的 飛躍,非常感謝我的指導(dǎo)老師 楊 國(guó)權(quán) 老 師的耐心指導(dǎo),楊老師在百忙之 中對(duì)我們進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)耐心的輔導(dǎo),并為我們提供了許多非常重要的資料 ,為我們提出了許多的寶貴意見(jiàn),帶領(lǐng)我們圓滿地完成了本次設(shè)計(jì)。同時(shí)還要感謝我的同學(xué)們,設(shè)計(jì)期間,他們給了我 很大 的幫助,幫助我順利完成了本次設(shè)計(jì) 。 設(shè)計(jì)的圓滿完成也要感謝所有 教過(guò)我 的任課老師們,是他們 傳授給我知識(shí), 將我領(lǐng)入機(jī)械世界的大門,是這 些 知識(shí)的積累幫助我 順利 完成了畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)。 經(jīng)過(guò)這次畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì),我不但學(xué)到了更多的知識(shí),而且還學(xué)到了老師們那種態(tài)度認(rèn)真 、 作風(fēng)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)和誨人不倦的優(yōu)良品質(zhì), 愿 老師們工作順利 。 唐山學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì) 31 參考文獻(xiàn) [1] 《液 壓設(shè)計(jì)手冊(cè)》,機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社 [2] 成大先,《機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)手冊(cè) 液壓傳動(dòng)》,化學(xué)工業(yè)出版社 [3] 官忠范、李笑、楊敢,《液壓系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)調(diào)節(jié)失誤實(shí)例分析》, 機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社 [4] 張利平,《液壓站設(shè)計(jì)與使用》,海洋出版社 [5] 濮良貴、 紀(jì)名剛,《機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)(第七版)》,高等教育出版社 [6] 《機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)手冊(cè)》,機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社 [7] 邢鴻雁、張磊,《實(shí)用液壓技術(shù) 300題》,機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社 [8] 張利平,《液壓傳動(dòng)與控制》,西北工業(yè)大學(xué)出版社 [9] 成打先 ,《機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)手冊(cè)》,化學(xué)工業(yè)出版社 [10] 任建勛 、 韓尚勇等 ,液壓傳動(dòng)計(jì)算與系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì),北京機(jī)械工業(yè)出 版社 [11] 朱育權(quán),《立式回轉(zhuǎn)工作臺(tái)式組合機(jī)床液壓系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)》 , 液壓與氣動(dòng) 2021 年第 10 期 [12] 陳桂芳 ,張?jiān)聵?,?H236 型組合機(jī)床液壓系統(tǒng)的改進(jìn)設(shè)計(jì)》 , 液壓與氣動(dòng) 2021 年第 2 期 [13] 張苓,《疊加閥在組合機(jī)床液壓系統(tǒng)中的應(yīng)用》 [14] 李 剛,《拉削組合機(jī)床液壓系統(tǒng)》 組合機(jī)床與自動(dòng)化加工技術(shù) [15] 陳明雄,《組合機(jī)床動(dòng)力滑臺(tái)液壓系統(tǒng)分析》福州大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào) 1992年 6月第 2期 [16] 張孟福,韓學(xué)軍,《組合機(jī)床液壓系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)專家系統(tǒng)》 組合機(jī)床與自動(dòng)化加工技術(shù) [17] 新浪博客 .軋機(jī)歷史 [J].雜談, [18] 沐賢春主編 .設(shè)計(jì)技術(shù) .[M]. 2021年第 3期 [19] 宮開(kāi)令編著 .軋鋼 .[M].唐山:唐山聯(lián)強(qiáng)冶金軋輥有限公司, 2021年第 25卷第 2期 [20] 葉江 符寒光 李明偉 張軼主編 .現(xiàn)代鑄鐵 .[M]. 中國(guó)冶金設(shè)備南京有限公司 清華大學(xué)先進(jìn)成形教育重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室 重慶市川深港務(wù)機(jī)械制造有限公司聯(lián)合出版, 2021年第 27卷第 1期 [21] 朱長(zhǎng)華主編 .漣鋼科技與管理 .[M]. 湖南婁底市:漣源鋼鐵集團(tuán)有限公司, [22] 百度博客 .液壓傳動(dòng) 的歷史 [J].雜談, [23] 李壯云主編 .液壓元件與系統(tǒng) .[M]. 北京:機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社, [24] 王廣懷編著 .液壓技術(shù)應(yīng)用 [M].哈爾濱:哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)出版社, 2021 [25] 李幕潔主編 .液壓傳動(dòng)與氣動(dòng)技術(shù) [M]. 北京:機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社, 1980 [26] 朱新才主編 .液壓傳動(dòng)與控制 [M].重慶:重慶大學(xué)出版社, 1996 [27] 楊爾莊 .二十一世紀(jì)液壓技術(shù)現(xiàn)狀及發(fā)展趨勢(shì) [J].中國(guó)液壓氣動(dòng)密封件工業(yè)協(xié)會(huì), 2021年第 3期 唐山學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì) 32 外文資料 INTRODUCTION OF POWERED SUPPORT Base: provides a firm foundation which spreads the load over its floor area. Legs: transmit the load form the roof beam or canopy to the base ,and are extendable . Roof beam or canopy :its broad area offers protection and carries the roof load ,transmitting it to the legs .It is often in two section ,the front canopy and the main rear canopy .The front section ,nowadays ,has an extension bar which gives protection to men if they are required to work ahead of the support . Ram: ttached to flexible conveor, it provides the power to push the AFC forward and to pull the powered support into its advanced position . Hydraulic flow lines: there supply the hydraulic fluid (an oil and water emulsion ) which operates the system . Control value :used by the operator start and stop the various movement of legs and ram . Antiflushing shield :gives protection against falling debris form the roof or waste FUNCTIONS The five main functions of a powered support are : 1. to resist vertical loading 。 2. to resist ,or acmodate .Lateral ( horizontal ) movement of the strata。 3. to provide protection form waste flushing。 4. to advance the AFC。 5. to be selfadvancing。 . TYPES OF MOTLONAL TRACES FOR THE LEADING EDGE OF THE CANOPY This is the most monly recognized way of classifying the shield. Based on this criterion, there are three types, lemniscate, caliper, and ellipse. A. Lemniscate. This is the most popular type. The caving shield and the base are jointed by two lemniscate bars which have a total of four hinges .As the hydraulic legs 唐山學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì) 33 are raised and lowered, the dimentions of the lemniscate bars are selected such that the leaning edge of the canopy moves up and down nearly vertically, thus maintaining a nearly constant unsupported distance between the face line and the leading edge of the canopy. This is a feature that is widely considered most desirable for good roof control. There are clear limits of mining height within which the leading edge of the canopy moves nearly vertically. These limits are strictly controlled by the dimentional and positional arrangements of the canopy, caving shield, lemniscate bars, and the base. Beyond these limits, the edges will move rapidly away from the faceline creating a large unsupported area. B. Caliper. In a caliper shield and the base are connected by a single hinge. When the hydraulic legs are raised, the leading edge of the canopy moves in an are away from the face, thus increasing the unsupported area. This is considered by most users the least desirable feature of the caliper shield. But in practice if the seam thickness varies little, the dimentional and positional arrangement of canopy, caving shield, and the base can be so designed that the distance change of unsupported area will not be significant, on the other hand, when the legs are lowered, it reduces the unsupported area. C. Ellipse. In this type the caving shield and the base are so connected that when the hydraulic legs are moved up and down, the leading edge of the canopy follows an elliptical trace. This type is seldom used. CHOCK SHIELD The chock shield bines the features of chock and the shield .as such it possesses the advantages of both .If all of the four or six legs are installed between the bases, it is called a chock shield. There are regular four or sixleg chock shields in which all legs are vertical and parallel. Others from V or X shapes. Some canopies are a single piece and 唐山學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì) 34 some are two pieces with a hydraulic ram at the hinge joint. The chock shield has the highest supporting efficiency. They are suitable for hard roof. Roadway supports The setting and advancing of supports at the face is only one aspect of effective strata control. It is also essential to set supports in the roadways so keeping roads safe from the shaft to the coalface. The packs on the side of the roadway and the girders supporting the roof in the roadways and permanent supports. They remain in position until the seam or district is worked out or until they have to be removed to enable the roadway to be repaired. There are various shapes of roadway in use underground, depending on the type of strata encountered and any advantages that can be taken from local conditions. However, the majority of roadways leading to longwall faces are supported by arched girders. These not only support the roof but the sides of the roadway as well. Where there is muc
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