【導(dǎo)讀】師的指導(dǎo)下進(jìn)行的研究工作及取得的成果。盡我所知，除文中特別加。而使用過的材料。均已在文中作了明確的說明并表示了謝意。除了文中特別加以標(biāo)注引用的內(nèi)容外，本論文。不包含任何其他個(gè)人或集體已經(jīng)發(fā)表或撰寫的成果作品。究做出重要貢獻(xiàn)的個(gè)人和集體，均已在文中以明確方式標(biāo)明。全意識到本聲明的法律后果由本人承擔(dān)。同意學(xué)校保留并向國家有關(guān)部門或機(jī)構(gòu)送交論文的復(fù)印件和電子版，允許論文被查閱和借閱。本人授權(quán)大學(xué)可以將本學(xué)位。印或掃描等復(fù)制手段保存和匯編本學(xué)位論文。涉密論文按學(xué)校規(guī)定處理。程序清單等），文科類論文正文字?jǐn)?shù)不少于萬字。有圖紙應(yīng)符合國家技術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)范。圖表整潔，布局合理，文字注釋必須使用工程。除此之外，造成這一情況的原因也很復(fù)雜。它們將有利于減輕翻譯工作的復(fù)雜度并節(jié)約一定的翻譯成本。進(jìn)一步的提高一些重視度。

　　

【正文】 ly is, not to find out what kind of person he or she is. Besides, a person’s name has no function of showing the real characters of its owner. And culture can not be an excuse to translate one name into different ways. Besides, here also exists another excuse for translating names in some abnormal ways. Someone says that there are some traditional conventions that we need to obey, even if they’re wrong. Whether should the old wrong translated names be kept or not? Long time ago, there were not so many persons knowing English pretty good nor were the socalled professional contingent (specialized personnel) of translation .And we all know how the translation between Chinese and English really began in China. Most translation jobs began during 18401929 with misery and mournful suffering. .During those years, people translated the name just as the way they feel like or they think it should be. We can’t deny that they tried very hard to make it work. However, since there are no real rules or mon ideas to regular the translation, a lot of mistakes in name translation were made during that time. And the mistakes can not be avoided for everything has its progress of development from embryonic stage to maturity. But should we stick to the old tradition and hold the mistakes on? Some authority people believe that some old fashion names translation should be kept even if they are wrong. But I just can’t agree with them. The world has been changing everyday, and translation has already developed into a new stage .Even if it’s still in brushstage, it has changed a lot. Never had technology made such spectacular advance in the history. And today, we have special people to do the translate jobs. We even have special department which is formed to study translation .And more knowledge about the language of the outside world has e to our minds. What’s more, we have inter now. We can use puters to do the translating jobs instead of human beings. And there is big different now. In the 1960s, Premier Zhou Enlai 11 said that name translation should be standardized and Xinhua News translation Agency will be the only one who can declare the name translation regulars so that the same foreign name can be translated in one also personally put forward the reform of several monly used old translation, such as 怯尼亞 changed to 肯尼亞 , 莫三鼻給 changed to 莫桑比克 .Since then, the domestic translation work is gradually on the way of anization and standardization. So shall we still keep the old traditional mistakes without use the mature theory we formed nowadays? The answer definitely is no. And the authority idea should have its quality guarantee period for the world is changing in every second, let alone several hundred years had already passed since the translating jobs began. We should proceed from reality in all work and advance with each passing day, especially in names translation. In order to show this theory more clearly, some more examples in our daily life are given. Chare Marx the one who is famous for his philosophy theory. We call him 馬克思 .However, if another person who happen to have the same name Marx people in old times may use 馬克斯 as the equivalent in order to make it different from the different Marx who they mentioned quite often .But they are just namesakes. It’s too wired, isn’t it? Maybe this case is not a very strong example, so I’d like to give you anther case. Charles is a name which we meet quite usual. We translate it into 查爾斯today. However, in 1920s or even earlier people prefer to use 查理 as the equivalent . Actually, in that time, a lot of Chinese pradors named themselves 張查理，宋查理as their English names. Besides, even though we translate Charles into 查爾斯 today, if the name belong to the king of royal household we still have to translate it into 查理 according to the socalled traditional conventions .But here is a problem. In the present the crown prince of British happen to named Charles, too. We call him 查爾斯王子 at this moment. But when he bee to the king, he happens to be Charles lll after Charles ll (查理二世 )who had plot to stage a eback. So shall we call him 查爾斯三世 or 查理三世 ? And we know his name will be put in the text book. That is a very restricted situation. If people use both of the names in different editions of text books, with the time going by, it will make the readers who live far away from this time confused .You can also find more cases, if you want. 12 specification is in need from the angle of synchronic The all things we mentioned above are just diachronic (study through the cause of history) problems. Now let’s see some synchronic problems. A synchronic description takes a fixed instant (usually, but not necessarily, the present) as its point of observation. That means we will see the problems in our own time. We all know that name translation is mainly according to the sounds. However, in China there are many dialects. People in different areas pronounce different sounds to express the same Chinese character .For instance ,people in northern call 你 “ni”, while people in Shanghai call 你 “nong”. So we can’t translate names based on the sounds of dialects .And mandarin, also called “putonghua”, should be the only sounds used for the name translation. But even if we do this, there still exist some problems of translating names into the same appears , since China is too big and there is not mandatory rules to regular the name translation . Here I find some examples. And they are table segmenting displayed, so we can see the situation more clearly. CM translation HK translation TW translation Original 艾森豪威爾 艾森豪 艾森豪威爾 Eisenhower 候賽因 胡笙 候賽因 Hussein 尼克松 尼克森 尼克遜 Nixon 貝克漢姆 貝克漢 碧咸 Beckham 希拉里 希拉蕊 希拉莉 ,希拉里 Hillary 克林頓 柯林頓 克林頓 Clinton 撒切爾 (柴 ) 佘契爾 戴卓爾 Thatcher 科爾 柯爾 科爾