【導(dǎo)讀】1. 0308托福試題。聽(tīng)力：。(c)Hecankeepasecret. (c)Shehasn’tseenMaryrecently. 4(a)Usecreamonherrash. (c)Hedidn’tenjoytheparty. (d)Hehasn’tseenthephotograph. (b)Shedoesn’tagreewiththeman. (d)Hedoesn’tplantotakemusic. (b)Herplansaren’tdefinite. 2. 13(a)Revisethereport. (d)Getmorepaler. (d)Thewomanshouldn’tbuyausedcar. (c)Takeanap. 17(a)Heliveswithafirst-yearstudent. (c)Heisn’tanewstudent. (d)He’llpayforthedrinks. 21(a)Shecan’thelptheman. 3. (d)T

　　

【正文】 ched exploring expeditions into prospective farmlands in the West .In addition , government trade policies facilitated the exporting of agricultural products. For their part ,farmers seemed to meet the social expectations agrarian philosophers had for them ,as their broader horizons and greater selfrespect, both products of the Revolution ,were reflected to some degree in their behavior .Farmers seemed to bee (20) more scientific ,joining agricultural societies and reading the farm newspapers that sprang up throughout the country .They began using improved implements, tried new crops and pure animal breeds , and became more receptive to modern theories of soil improvement . They also responded to inducements by national and state governments .Farmers streamed to the West ,filling frontier lands with stunning rapidity .But farmers responded (25) less to the expectations of agrarians and government inducements than to growing market opportunities .European demand for food from the United States seemed insatiable . War, industrialization , and urbanization all kept demand high in Europe . United States cities and industries grew as well。 even industries not directly related to farming thrived because of the market, money ,and labor that agriculture provided . does the passage mainly discuss? (a)The agrarian philosophy of Thomas Jefferson (b)The role of the national government in the development of agriculture (c)Improvements in farming techniques (d)The impact of the increased importance of the farmer word “depended” in line 3 is closest in meaning to (a)improved (b)relied (c)demanded (d)explained author mentions Thomas Jefferson in paragraph 1 as an example of (a)a leader during the Revolution (b)an inventor of new farming techniques (c)a philosopher who believed farmers were essential to the creation of a good society (d)a farmer who guided the agrarian movement toward an emphasis on economic development phrase “subscribed to” in line 8 is closest in meaning to (a)contributed to (b)agreed with (c)thought about (d)expanded on of the following statements is supported by the information in paragraph 1? (a)All government policy makers accepted Jefferson’s views of agriculture and farmers. (b)Agricultural production declined between 1783 and 1861. (c)The majority of farmers worked for the government. 13 (d)Agriculture was a vital part of the nation’s economy. to the passage , the national and state governments did all of the following EXCEPT (a)build roads (b)import new plant varieties (c)give farmers money for their crops (d)develop policies that helped farmers export their products of the following are mentioned as examples of farmers’ meeting the expectations of agrarian philosophers EXCEPT (a)obtaining information from farm newspapers (b)accumulating personal wealth (c)planting new crops (d)being more scientific word “stunning” in line 24 is closest in meaning to (a)predictable (b)impressive (c)famous (d)gradual of the following statements is best supported by paragraph 4? (a)Agricultural development contributed to development in other parts of the economy. (b)European agricultural products were of a higher quality than those produced in the United States. (c)The growing settlement of the West led to a decrease in agricultural production. (d)Farmers were influenced more by government policies than by market opportunities. Question 2129 The wide variety of climates in North America has helped spawn a plex pattern of soil regions. In general, the realm’s soils also reflect the broad environmental partitioning into “humid America” and “arid America.” Where annual precipitation exceeds 20 inches (50 centimeters),soils in humid areas tend to be acidic in chemical content, Since crops (5 ) do best in soils that are neither acidic(higher in acid content) nor alkaline(higher in salt content).fertilization is necessary to achieve the desired level of neutrality between the two. Arid America’s soils are typically alkaline and must be fertilized back toward neutrality by adding acidic pounds. Although many of these dryland soils, particularly 14 in the Great Plains, are quite fertile, European settlers learned over a century ago that (10) water is the main missing ingredient in achieving their agricultural potential. In the 1970’s, certain irrigation methods were perfected and finally provided a real opportunity to expand more intensive farming west from the Central Lowland into the drier portions of the Great Plains. Glaciation also enhanced the rich legacy of fertile soils in the central United States,both from the deposition of mineralrich glacial debris left by meltwater (15) and from thick layers of fine windblown glacial material, called loess, in and around the middle Mississippi Valley. Natural vegetation patterns could be displayed on a map of North America, but the enormous human modification of the North American environment in modern times has all but reduced this regionalization scheme to the level of the hypothetical. Noheless, (20) the humid Americaarid America dichotomy is still a valid generalization: the natural vegetation of areas receiving more than 20 inches of water yearly is forest, whereas the drier climates give rise to a grassland cover. The forests of North America tent to make a broad transition by latitude. In the Canadian North, needleleaf forests dominate, but these coniferous trees bee mixed with broadleaf deciduous trees as one crosses the (25) border into the Northeast United States. As one proceeds toward the Southeast, broadleaf vegetation bees dominant. Arid America mostly consists of shortgrass prairies or stepper. The only areas of true des