外文翻譯--利用熱電偶測量50噸金屬陶瓷鋯硼化物端蓋轉爐中的金屬均值溫度-資料下載頁
2025-05-12 07:48本頁面
【導讀】鋼的質量和產(chǎn)量在轉爐冶煉過程中的生產(chǎn)效率取決于對金屬的溫度控制程度。個流程中必需控制實時溫度。用熱電偶測量溫度是測量液態(tài)金屬溫度最有效的方法。50噸轉爐中進行熱電偶測試，結果發(fā)現(xiàn)計量特性最穩(wěn)定的熱電偶是PR30/6熱電偶。續(xù)實驗，與此熱電偶有關。為了防止液態(tài)金屬破壞熱電偶，我們使用三層氣密端蓋。鋯硼化物端蓋耐久性由化學作用而產(chǎn)生的物質對它們的腐蝕和流動金屬流動的侵蝕造。其中硼化物由是內部元素的原子中不完整電子層的電子和晶體晶格中的硼原子組成。在這種流動的狀態(tài)下，它有時可能使帶有硼化物端蓋的轉換器與金屬渣進行接觸。被氧化的雜質氧化性比較高而鋯及硼有還原性，在溫度為。在鋯硼化物端蓋表面，形成氧化鋯，是一種破壞臭氧層的氧化物，所以。要隨時清洗，因此該端蓋的保護成為主要問題。已經(jīng)被液態(tài)金屬所封閉。有關的疑慮是，通過剛玉端蓋液態(tài)金屬的可能進入剛玉管而與熱電偶。毫米的水平，持續(xù)15至19分鐘。
【正文】 s is the region within 200500 mm from the converter39。s bottom. The lower limit is determined by the fact that the slag that has remained after the pouring of steel may affect the resistance of the end caps. For determining the dynamic measurement error, we used the average time constant of the thermocouple, which was placed in the end cap and exposed to plex heat exchange conditions. The information on temperature is used during the second half of smelting in order to prevent overheating and to bring the metal to the assigned pouring temperature. During this period, the temperature variation rate lies within 10 40~ so that the dynamic error will be in the 7a0 ~ range. However, by feeding this information to a puter, a theoretical correction for the dynamic error can readily be introduced and the error reduced to a negligible quantity. Thermostatic control of the thermocouple39。s free ends is of special importance. In dependence on its heating, the converter39。s Casing, where the above ends are fastened at the beginning of the converter39。s operation, can have a temperature of 70150 C along the lining. At the end Of operation, the casing temperature attains 400C. In the first experiments, the thermostatic control of the free ends was effected by means of a stream of air, for which the ends were introduced in a special tube. Later, thermostatic control was effected by means of a watercooled box. Copper alloy TP (~ocopper % nickel) was used for the conductor lead. At the same time, the resistance of the resistor in the circuit for pensating the temperature of the thermocouple39。s free ends in the automatic potentiometer was reduced. URE CITED . V. Samsonov, P. S. Kislyi, A. D. Panasyuk, A. G. Strel39。ehenko, I. G. Khavrunyak, and G. N. Serikova, Ogneupory, No. 2 (1961). . S. Kocho, A. G. Strel39。chenko, and I. G. Khavrunyak, Coll.: Complex Automation of Steel Production in Martin Furnaces [in Russian] (1963). , G. Manas39。ev, Investigation of the Bessemer Process [in Russian], Metallurgizdat, Moscow (1957). . P. Bardin, S. G. Afanas39。ev, M. M. Shumov, and Z. D. I~psl~tein, Use of Oxygen in the Converter Production of Steel [in Russian], Metallurgizdat, Moscow (1959). . V. Samsonov, HighMelting Compounds [in Russian], Metallurgizdat, Moscow (1963). . Trenkler, Ein Jahr Stahl Voest (1953). All
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