【導讀】degradation.isreduced.Andare. instability?

　　

【正文】 ar to market petition for products. akin to sth. similar。 related . He felt something akin to love. 26. Tax petition provides an incentive to improve government efficiency. ( ) Tax petition encourages government to improve its efficiency. incentive (to do sth.) thing that encourages sb. to do sth.。 stimulus . He hasn’t many incentives to work hard. 27. The Bush Administration has tried to tame the OECD’s harmful tax petition project to some extent. () The Bush Administration has, to some extent, tried to make the OECD’s harmful tax petition project manageable. 28. A high level 2020 UN report suggested creating an International Tax Organization that would push countries to “desist from harmful tax petition.” () A high level 200l UN report suggested founding an International Tax Organization that would drive countries to “stop harmful tax petition.” desist from sth./doing sth. (formal) stop sth./doing sth.。 cease . I wish she’d desist from playing work games all day. 29. While Washington’s interest in reform waned in the last years of the Clinton presidency, the Bush Administration plans to move ahead with reform. () While Washington’s interest in reform became weaker in the last years of the Clinton presidency, the Bush Administration plans to make progress in tax reform. wane v. gradually lose power or importance。 bee smaller or weaker or less impressive . The power of the landowners waned during this period. Her enthusiasm for the expedition was waning rapidly. 30. If the . moves ahead with tax reform, other nations would probably follow suit, as they did when the . cut rates in the 1980s. () If the . makes progress in tax reform, other nations would probably reform their taxes in the same way, as they did when the . reduced rates in the 1980s. 31. Tax petition among countries should be a win win policy, as it restrains governments and helps spur global economic growth. () Tax petition among countries would benefit both sides, as it holds back governments from high tax rates and helps stimulate global economic growth.Ⅲ . Key to the exercises 1. Reading prehension (1) The economic forces behind globalization include rising trade and investment flows, greater labor mobility, and rapid transfers of technology. Those trends have been stimulated by the deregulation of financial markets, reductions in trade barriers, and lower munication costs. (2) Most economists support globalization because it raises the ines of people worldwide. Another lesser noticed benefit is that it makes it harder for governments to sustain excessively high tax rates. When economic integration increases, individuals and businesses gain the freedom to take advantage of low tax rates abroad. (3) It shows that some smart nations like Ireland are treating international tax petition as an opportunity, not a threat. (4) First, high tax countries have urged international anizations to reduce tax petition. Second, many nations are adding layers of plex rules on businesses to discourage them from investing abroad, rather than reducing tax burdens so that businesses want to invest at home. (5) Because there are more opportunities and lower taxes in cities such as London. (6) The author cites the case of Ireland to show that with the reduction of taxes, a large number of immigrants are attracted, and people at home are unwilling to migrate out. The lower one country’s tax is, the more skilled people are attracted. (7) Because market petition encourages production efficiency. Tax petition provides an incentive to improve government efficiency. For example, the Federal government is no longer a monopoly—Americans now are able to invest abroad, retire in a low tax Caribbean country, or move their business to low tax Ireland. Accordingly, the Federal government needs to reform the tax code and provide services more efficiently to encourage Americans and their money to stay at home. (8) Tax petition among countries should be a win win policy, as it restrains governments and helps spur global economic . Vocabulary (1) d(2) g(3) k(4) i(5) b(6) m(7) c(8) f(9) n(10) a3. Paraphrase (1) Until now, basic economic forces have gone beyond political efforts to make this trend slow. Efforts to oppose economic globalization have extended from anti globalization protests to Congressional law making to prevent American panies from building subsidiary business in foreign countries. (2) Some nations are treating tax petition as a useless and disadvantageous thing. High tax countries have urged international anizations, such as the anization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), to ease tax petition. (3) And many nations are formulating a series of plex rules on businesses so as to try to keep them from investing abroad, instead of reducing tax burdens so that businesses are willing to invest at home. (4) The . is divided into this group because it has one of the highest corporate tax rates. Nevertheless, America continues to put off reforming tax policies, which is expected for a long time. (5) International investors have been affected easily by changes and differences between national tax rates as their investment choices have increased. (6) Another noticeable issue is that many businesses used to invest in foreign country only want to take the opportunity for fixed resources, such as oil deposits. Today, many industriessuch as finance and servicesare free to invest and can set up new firms anywhere. (7) For example, in recent year Canadian policymakers have to consider an important issue that a group of skilled and talented people from technology industries in Canada have emigrate to its lower tax southern neighbor, the . (8) For many years, young Irish people went to America and other foreign countries, and tried to find a way to live a better life. But