【導(dǎo)讀】《馬丁·伊登》是美國現(xiàn)實(shí)主義作家杰克·倫敦的代表作之一，國社會(huì)的真實(shí)寫照。真愛的破滅、美國夢的幻滅及個(gè)人主義的瓦解使主人公馬。丁·伊登最終以自殺來解脫自我。本文通過對這個(gè)人物性格和故事情節(jié)的分析，探究馬丁·伊登這個(gè)悲劇的人物形象以及造成悲劇的原因。通過對相關(guān)理論的解。者及主人公的精神信仰。

　　

【正文】 nts their benefits to be maximized. The motivation to form the society is personal benefits. Then the Utilitarian Individualism is formed. Rock‘s thought has great influenced on American people. American Cyclopedia referred that Emerson is the first man used the word ―individualism‖ in English world. Emerson exaggerates and hails the individualism as the important factor to realize the development of society and human. It is an upright human sprit. America is the stand of the individualism. It is the frontier culture heritage. They call for Democracy and equality. Jack London was influenced by this thought and reflected in his works. Martin Eden indulged himself in Superman philosophy, so he bees an extreme individualist. He sees his success more important than other thins. To satisfy his own selfish desire, he abandons lots of things. He abandons his relatives and his old friends. He attacks the bourgeoisie publicly and cannot bear the sight of their false individualism. His love for Ruth makes him to have the strong will to success. The progress of achieving the success makes him lost himself. The debate with the bourgeoisie exactly makes Martin have a clear idea of those upper noble. They are sickening. After his success, once he was invited to judge Moss‘s home. He arrogantly expresses his personal worldview ―individualism‖. He calls himself as a Nietzsche39。s followers. He believes the Natural selection rule and the battler is to the strong. Martin Eden declares that he is an individualist, but his behaviors run different direction with his minds. His behavior proves more than once that he is a kind man. He buys a pasture for his landlady, who always takes care of him silently. And also her children could go to school. As to his old friend Joe, Martin prepares a new washhouse for him, making his dream e true. Ironically, Martin‘s attitude towards his sister does not belong to the hostile attitude to the socialists. Gertrude is a poor housewife with heavy burden in the lowest class. Martin gives some material help to make her get rid of the poor condition. Martin‘s bosom friend Brissenden tells him that he should believe socialism。 While Martin doesn‘t accept Brissenden‘s idea. He still goes his own way. Martin is so indulged in his own dreams that he doesn‘t care other things .once he will help 11 people who is bullied by others, but now he chooses to escape. He lived in his own world. Gradually, he loses the connection with his relatives, his old friends, even the world. Success and fame make him feel so lonely. Brissenden‘s death gives him a good understanding to this world. Meanwhile he finds there is a great distinction between he and Ruth, he gradually loses the hope to his life. He chooses to suicide to end his life. The victim under the background of American Dream ―American Dream‖ means every person no matter who he is. He will certainly succeed as long as he works hard. ―American Dream‖ is an eternal and important theme through the American literature. ―American Dream‖ has been reflected in different literature at different times, from different sides. Martin Eden is one of the most important stands for pursuing American dream. Although he es from the lower class with less knowledge, he has the ideas for the success and his hard work. Eventually, he succeeds. The real definition of “The American Dream” ―The American Dream‖ originally derived from beliefs in our Puritan Heritage. I was popularized in the 20 century by James Truslow Adams‘s The Epic of America in this book, the author said Let us all classes of citizens for a better, more prosperous and more happy life in ―The American Dream‖, which is so far made for the world of ideas and the welfare of the greatest contribution. Some critics said that ―The American Dream‖ dances between American Idealism and Money. Through the twohundredyear American history, ―The American Dream‖ has bee an inspiring national spirit. It has made Americans, especially the youth, to believe that everyone could bee a rich person. They firmly believe that ―everyone is born equal and no one has the privilege‖. Human wishes and desires were also expressed clearly in Thomas Jefferson‘s Declaration of Independence in some extent, the issue of 12 Declaration of Independence bees the foundation of ―The American Dream‖. In this instable society, if you can hold on the chances, your dream will e true. Americans, even poor ones, seemed to believe that any person in America Call climb up the socioeconomic ladder through hard work, virtuous conduct, and a bit of luck. Meanwhile American dream has bee an important theme in American literary. The emergence of the consumption culture and the great changes in moral standards and manners in the early 20th century changed ―The American Dream‖ greatly, which drove people to pursue quick money and social status at any cost. Industrialism and science and the new philosophy of life based upon science developed so fast, which create a new chance for the economic, social and cultural transformations of the country. Industrialism makes the US economy grow rapidly, while there39。s a big chasm between rich and poor in this society. The rich enjoy their extravagant lifestyle. The poor lived a life of insecurity, suffering, and violence. Life became a struggle for survival. Slums appeared in great number of the city. Those factors contribute to the intensification the social contradictions. The Darwinian concepts like ―Evolution, the theory goes, guarantees survival to the fittest.‖ became a popular principle and standard of moral reference in this money mad world. Darwin‘s ideas of evolution and especially those of Herbert Spencer helped to change the worldviews of many rising authors and intellectuals, and produced an attitude of gloom and de