【導(dǎo)讀】適中，工作量適中，譯文基本正確，語(yǔ)句通順，但存在部分錯(cuò)誤。容是無(wú)障礙設(shè)計(jì)中至關(guān)重要的。最近的研究表明使用一個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)可以驅(qū)動(dòng)新型圖。書(shū)館網(wǎng)站的發(fā)展?，F(xiàn)有技術(shù)所提供的各種工具滿足了殘疾顧客的需要，這些顧客。主動(dòng)為輔助技術(shù)的改進(jìn)更新和調(diào)整,館員提供技術(shù)支持。由于互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的設(shè)計(jì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是不斷變化極快，很難建立最先進(jìn)的網(wǎng)站。度化的人生活的殘疾人，其中32500000個(gè)是嚴(yán)重殘疾。這意味著，近五分之一的。美國(guó)公眾面臨的一些物理，心理，感覺(jué)，或其他功能性障礙。的文字必須解釋的目的和意義。這將是無(wú)法給學(xué)生一定的形式?jīng)]有種族偏見(jiàn)，以及那些誰(shuí)使用screen-reader軟件。然而，并不是所有的瀏。點(diǎn)擊地圖上的美國(guó)五十個(gè)州的一個(gè)例子是功能影像地圖。包括信息的鏈接通過(guò)“變身”文本?！白兩怼钡奈淖置枋鍪怯幸饬x的。在此范圍內(nèi)可誘發(fā)癲癇發(fā)作。這一要求，也可作為應(yīng)急措施，對(duì)現(xiàn)有的網(wǎng)站需要重新獲得。提供其他內(nèi)容的情況下積極的特點(diǎn)是無(wú)法或不支持。

　　

【正文】 ded before purchasing. like databases, a library39。s website needs to be accessible to patrons with a variety of needs. According to Muncaster, accessible sites are 35 percent easier for everyone to use and are more likely to be found by Inter search Fully accessible websites are simpler to maintain and are on average 50 percent smaller than inaccessible ones, which means they download faster, making them easier to In creating a basic site, current best practice has been to render the content in HTML or XHTML and design the layout using CSS. This way, if it is discovered the site39。s pages are not fully accessible, a simple change to the CSS updates all pages, saving the site manager time and effort. Finally, creating an accessible site from the beginning is substantially easier than retrofitting an old one. A plete rebuild of a library website is an opportunity to improve accessibility. Reynolds39。 article on creating a usercentered website for the Johnson County (Kans.) Library offers an example of how libraries can apply basic information architecture design principles on a budget. Johnson County focused on simple, lowbudget usability studies involving patrons in the selection of site navigation categories, designing the layout, and testing the resulting user interface. By involving average users in this process, this library was able to achieve substantial improvements in the site39。s usability. Prior to the redesign, usability testing determined that 42 percent of users were not successful in finding information on the library39。s old site. After the redesign, only 4% of patrons were unsuccessful in finding coretask information on the first attempt.23 Even so, a quick test of the site with the online accessibility evaluation tool Cynthia Says indicates that it still does not fully meet the requirements of Section 508. Had the library39。s staff included PWD in their process, the demonstrated degree of improvement might have allowed them to meet and possibly exceed this standard. An understanding of how a person with disabilities experiences the online environment can help point the way toward improved accessibility. A recent study in the United Kingdom tracked the eye movements of able bodied puter users in an effort to answer these questions. Researchers asked eighteen people with normal or corrected vision to search for answers on two versions of a BBC website the standard graphical page and the text only version. Subjects39。 eyes tended to dart around the standard page as they attempt to locate what appears visually to be the next most likely location24 for the answer. But in searching the textonly page, subjects went linebyline, making smaller jumps across each page. Researchers determined that the webpage and its layout serve as a form of external memory, providing visual cues to the structure of its content and how to navigate it. If the Inter is an information superhighway, then the layout of a standard webpage serves as the borders and directional signs for browsing. Information seeking on the Web is a plex process requiring the ability to switch and coordinate among multiple informationseeking strategies such as browsing, scanning, querybased searching, and so If Web browsers could translate formatting and presentation into audio tailored to the needs of the visually impaired, the use of the Inter would be a far more satisfying experience for those users. However, such Web programming would require years of additional research and development. In the meantime, Web librarians must strive to build sites that are clean, hierarchical, and usable by all persons by following to the standards and guidelines currently available. One way to enhance the accessibility of sites is to follow a databasedriven Web development model. In addition to using XHTML and CSS, Dunlap remends that content be stored in a relational database such as My SQL and that a coding language such as PHP be used to create pages dynamically. This approach has two advantages. First, it allows for the creation of a flexible website design style that lives in a single, easily modified file that controls the presentation of every Web page of the site.26 Second, it requires far less time for site maintenance, freeing staff to devote time to assuring accessibility while acmodating changes in Web technology. Such a model can be used by database vendors to ensure that their services can seamlessly integrate with the library39。s online content. Summary librarians with responsibility for Web design and technology management operate in an evolving environment. Legal requirements make clear the expectation to serve the wide variety of needs of patrons with disabilities. Yet the guidelines and standards available to assist in this venture range from plex to vague and insufficient. Assistive technologies continue to improve with many traditional vendors confident that their products are accessible. In actual use, however, substantial challenges and shortings remain. The challenge for technology librarians is to be proactive in keeping abreast of technological advances, to experiment and learn from their efforts, and to continually update and adapt to provide Web or hypermedia information and services to patrons of all kinds