【正文】
for exporter and deliver documents against payments and/or against documents includes both financial documents and mercial ial documents are bills of exchange, promissory notes and cheques。mercial documents are invoices transport documents, title documents and other similar ing to whether mercial documents are attached to financial documents when submitted to the remitting bank, collection can be spanided into clean collection and documentary collectionit is the collection on financial instruments alone without being acpanied by mercial ng documents will be forwarded by the exporter directly to the a credit instrument is acpanied by a nonshipping document such as voice, the collection will also be considered as clean is often used to collect incidental expenses occurred in a transaction such as freight, insurance premium, mission or any other supplementary the other occasions, clean collection is used in the collection of downpayment or in the case of service transaction where are no shipping documents ntary collectiondocumentary collection is the collection on financial instruments being acpanied by mercial documents or the collection on shipping documents without financial financial instruments are not included, the stamp duty can be avoid and the invoice can do the job of financial documents by indicating clearly the amount to be can be further spanided into documents against payment and documents against spanision is based on different conditions against whichthe documents are released to the former means that the collecting bank may release the documents against payment of the sight drafts or simply against sight payment of the importer, and the latter means that the collecting bank may release the documents against payment of a time bill.(3)letter of credit,l/cthe letter of credit is the bank instrument that assures the person selling merchandise of payment if he makes the agreedupon the other hand, it also assures the buyer that he is not required to pay until the seller ships the is a catalyst that provides the buyer and the seller with a mutual protection in dealing with each other, and it is based on the credit of the bank to provide funds to the y, as long as the exporter submits the bill of payment according to the credit conditions prescribed by the written documents, the bank must pay for it unconditionally, so the seller39。s funds will le importer can receive all shipping documents according with credit terms after payment.(4)international factoringinternational factoring is a widely used payment in developed refer to that when exporting goods on mercial credit, the exporter should transfer the invoice of the account receivable and shipping documentsto the factor after delivery, then the exporter can get a majority of receivable the importer pay over the due or even not pay for the international trade, the factor should undertake the responsibility because in factoring business, factors shoulder the first payment is both good to the seller and the buyer, and has developed to an efficient and popular sion:in a word, international payment is an act of paying off one party’s international debt by some payment instruments in international transactions, it developed from cash payment to bills payment through the are four types of international payment: remittance, collection, and letter of credit, and international are widely used in international transaction nces:(1) international payment hinkelman,hai foreign education (2)《國際支付與結(jié)算》 王益平(編者)肖云南(叢書主編)清華大學(xué)出版社 北京交通大學(xué)出版社(3)《國際商務(wù)英語——理論與實(shí)務(wù)》 鄒勇主編 上海財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)出版社(4)《國際保理——金融創(chuàng)新及法律實(shí)務(wù)》 黃斌 著法律出版社.