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高考英語必考40知識點(diǎn)-資料下載頁

2025-04-05 05:04本頁面
  

【正文】 動詞原形。另外像 decide, desire, intend, remend 等也要接(should)+動詞原形結(jié)構(gòu)。[例句] Mother insists that Tom (should) go to bed at nine o’clock.(賓語從句) We suggested that the meeting (should) be held at once. It was required that the crops (should) be harvested at once.(主語從句) The suggestion that he (should) be invited was rejected.(同位語從句) That is their demand that their wages (should) be increased.(表語從句) [注意 1] advice, suggestion, order, demand, proposal, request, desire, mand, decision, requirement 等名詞引導(dǎo)的同位語從句或表語從句,謂語動詞用 (should) + 動詞原形。[注意 2] It’s suggested/ advised/ demanded/ordered/requested/proposed/required/desired 等結(jié)構(gòu)后的主語從句中,謂語 動詞用(should) + 動詞原形。[注意 3]suggest 意思是“表明, 暗示。說明“時。insist 意思是“堅(jiān)持觀點(diǎn), 堅(jiān)持看法“時, 句子不能用虛擬語氣。[例句] He insisted that he was innocent.=He insisted on his innocence. 他堅(jiān)持說自己 是無辜的。He insisted that he had never done wrong. 他堅(jiān)持說沒有做錯事情。Are you suggesting that I’m not suited for the job? 你是在暗示說我不適合做那 項(xiàng)工作? The look on his face suggested that the teacher was quite satisfied with the result. 臉上的表情說明老師對結(jié)果感到滿意。 句型 39 It is necessary/important/natural/impossible/essential(基本的)等結(jié)構(gòu)后的主語 從句中要用虛擬語氣,即主語+(should)+動詞原形 [例句] It’s necessary that Tom take the exam first. Tom 有必要先參加考試。With the society developing very fast, it’s quite necessary/important that we (should) have a good knowledge of English and puter. 隨著社會的快速發(fā)展,我們 有必要精通英語和電腦。句型 40 It’s strange/surprising/a pity/a shame/a surprise (that) … should do…should 表示“竟然“ [例句] It’s a pity that she should miss the chance. 很遺憾她錯過了機(jī)會。It’s really surprising that a prophecy(預(yù)言)should coincide with the fact so exactly. 令人驚訝的是,預(yù)言和事實(shí)竟然如此巧合。It’s strange that he shouldn’t pass the exam. 奇怪的是他竟然沒有通過考試。 高考英語必考40知識點(diǎn)_高考英語必考知識點(diǎn)匯總及考點(diǎn)要求(精選篇)Shanghai Oriental High Quality Education培育東方精英,打造優(yōu)質(zhì)教育!高考英語必考語法知識點(diǎn)匯總高考政策及題型解讀:上海卷采取 3+3 模式 (語數(shù)英個 150 分+小三科各 70 分) , 英語有兩次考試機(jī)會 (春 季考、夏季靠)擇期中分?jǐn)?shù)最高計(jì)入最終的高考成績 聽力 30 分(24 題) 、語音詞匯 20 分(語法 10 題、詞匯 10 題) 、閱讀理解 45 分(完 形填空類 15 題、語篇閱讀類 15 題、概括類 1 題) 、翻譯 15 分、寫作 25 分① 相關(guān)概念1. 詞性的英文縮寫 在英語學(xué)習(xí)中,掌握單詞詞性非常重要。如果 我們在記單詞的時只記拼寫、讀音而不記詞性的話, 我們就不知道如何使用它們,所以我們在記單詞時 一定要把單詞詞性記準(zhǔn)記牢。縮寫字母 n. v. vt. vi. modal v. aux. v. adj. adv. num. 原詞 noun verb transitive verb intransitive verb modal verb auxiliary verb adjective adverb numeral 代表詞性 名詞 動詞 及物動詞 不及物動詞 情態(tài)動詞 助動詞 形容詞 副詞 數(shù)詞 interj. pron. prep. art. conj interjection pronoun preposition article conjunction 感嘆詞 代詞 介詞 冠詞 連詞2. 及物動詞和不及物動詞 實(shí)義動詞后面跟賓語時,這個動詞是及物動詞。實(shí)義動詞后面不跟賓語時,此時這個動詞是不及物 動詞。The door opened. (open 后面沒跟賓語,此時,open 是不及物動詞。) He opened the door. (open 后面有賓語 the door, 此時, open 是及物動詞。) 注意:英語中一個動詞是及物動詞還是不及物動詞, 關(guān)鍵是看它用在句中時后面是否跟賓語。 Shanghai Oriental High Quality Education有些動詞既可作及物動詞又可作不及物動詞,詞義相 同。如: The meeting began at six. We began the meeting at six. 有些動詞既可作及物動詞又可作不及物動詞,但詞義 不同。如: The man walked away. (walk 不及物動詞,意為“走”) He walked the dog every day. ( walk 及物動詞,“遛”) She washes clothes at home. (wash 及物動詞,“洗”) The clothes washes well. (wash 不及物動詞,“耐洗”)培育東方精英,打造優(yōu)質(zhì)教育!arrived 一起作謂語,是助動詞。) I have been painting all day. (have been 用來幫助構(gòu)成 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時,和 painting 一起作謂語,都是助動 詞。) 幫助構(gòu)成否定句和疑問句的: Does he like English? (does 幫助構(gòu)成一般疑問句,沒有 具體意義,是助動詞。) He doesn’t have lunch at home. (does 只是幫助構(gòu)成否定 句,沒有具體意義,是助動詞。)幫助構(gòu)成被動語態(tài)的 Trees are planted in spring. (are 幫助構(gòu)成被動語態(tài),沒 有具體意義,是助動詞。) 英語中一些單詞是及物還是不及物,可能與漢語不同。The house has been pulled down. (has been 幫助構(gòu)成時 He listens to the music every day. (listen 為不及物動詞, 態(tài)和語態(tài),是助動詞。) 幫助構(gòu)成虛擬語氣 而漢語中“聽”是及物動詞。) If he had e yesterday, I wouldn’t have made such a 是助動詞, 屬于 指出下列句中斜體動詞是及物動詞還是不及物動詞, mistake.(had, have 幫助構(gòu)成虛擬語氣, 謂語的一部分。) 及物動詞填 vt.,不及物填 vi.??键c(diǎn)1. 考點(diǎn)2. 考點(diǎn)3. 考點(diǎn)4. The baby stopped crying when he saw his mother. (vt) She spoke at the meeting this morning. (vi) Shall I begin at once?(vi) She began working as a teacher after she left school.(vt) (vt) 幫助構(gòu)成倒裝句的 So did he love his mother that he bought her many presents on her birthday. (他如此愛他的母親以至于他母親生日那一天,他給她 買了許多禮物。did 只是幫助構(gòu)成倒裝句,沒有具體意 義,是助動詞。) 幫助構(gòu)成強(qiáng)調(diào)意義的 He did e yesterday. (他昨天確實(shí)來過。did 起強(qiáng)調(diào)作 用,沒有具體意義,是助動詞。) 因此可以看出,常見的助動詞為 do, be, have,它們 為基本助動詞。一個詞既可以作實(shí)義動詞也可以作助動詞,具體是 哪一種,主要看它們在句中的功能。He did his homework at seven o’clock.(did 單獨(dú)作謂語, 意為“做”,是實(shí)義動詞。) Did he do his homework yesterday? (did 是助動詞,幫助 構(gòu)成一般疑問句,do 是實(shí)義動詞,意為“做”,是實(shí)義 動詞。) He has had breakfast. (has 是助動詞,幫助構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在完 成時,had 是實(shí)義動詞,意為“吃”。has had 一起構(gòu)成 了句子的謂語。) 情態(tài)動詞 情態(tài)動詞同助動詞一樣,不能單獨(dú)作謂語,要 和實(shí)義動詞一起作謂語。因此,情態(tài)動詞也稱為情 態(tài)助動詞。情態(tài)動詞同基本助動詞的區(qū)別在于,基 本助動詞本身無意義,而情態(tài)動詞有自己的意義。如:3. 實(shí)義動詞、助動詞與情態(tài)動詞 實(shí)義動詞和助動詞是根據(jù)動詞在句子中的含義 和作用來劃分的。實(shí)義動詞也叫行為動詞。實(shí)義動詞 指的是那些意義完全且能夠獨(dú)立作謂語的動詞。如: He lives quite near. (live“住”,有明確的意義,單獨(dú) 作謂語,為實(shí)義動詞。) I like reading. (like “喜歡”,意思明確,單獨(dú)作謂 語,為實(shí)義動詞。) I bought a pen yesterday. (bought “買”,意義明確, 單獨(dú)作謂語,為實(shí)義動詞。) 助動詞 助動詞的“助”是“幫助”之意。因此,助動詞是 指那些用來幫助構(gòu)成時態(tài)、語態(tài)、虛擬語氣、疑問 句、否定句、倒裝句和幫助強(qiáng)調(diào)的詞。這些詞本身 無詞匯意義或意義不完全,不能單獨(dú)作謂語。幫助構(gòu)成時態(tài)的: The boy is crying.(is 用來幫助構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時,和 crying 一起作謂語,是助動詞。) He has arrived. (has 用來幫助構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在完成時,和 Shanghai Oriental High Quality EducationHe can swim across the river.(can 的詞義為“能夠”) You must stay at home. (must 詞義為“必須”) I might leave tomorrow.(might 的詞義為“或許” ) 4. 謂語和非謂語培育東方精英,打造優(yōu)質(zhì)教育!個動作著眼, 而是從恢復(fù)成一句話后是 “主動語態(tài)” 還是“被動語態(tài)”著眼。主動關(guān)系: 從邏輯關(guān)系上看,相當(dāng)于主動語態(tài)。如: The boy crying over there is Tom.(在那邊哭的那個男孩) 從邏 輯上講,the boy…cry, 男孩哭,相當(dāng)于主動語態(tài),是 主動關(guān)系。在英語中,一個主謂結(jié)構(gòu)中只能有一個謂語,再 出現(xiàn)動詞時,要變成非謂語形式,即:在前面加 to 構(gòu) 成動詞不定式,或在后面加ing 構(gòu)成動名詞或現(xiàn)在分 被動關(guān)系: 詞,或在后面加ed 構(gòu)成過去分詞。也就是說,非謂 從邏輯關(guān)系上看,相當(dāng)于被動語態(tài)。如:The house 語是指:動詞不定式、動名詞、現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞。built last year is the strongest.(去年建的那座房子) 從邏輯上講, the house was built,房子被建, 相當(dāng)于被 先找出句中的謂語,然后改正句中的錯誤,并說明原 動語態(tài),是被動關(guān)系。因。在上兩題中, 邏輯關(guān)系可以表達(dá)為: This kind of food 考點(diǎn)1. Getting up early is good for our health. tasted wonderful. The food smells delicious. 邏輯上 早起有利于我們的身體健康。food 和 taste、smell 是一種主謂關(guān)系,是主動語態(tài), 考點(diǎn)2. I want to go home now. 我現(xiàn)在想回家。因此填現(xiàn)在分詞??键c(diǎn)3. 考點(diǎn)4. 考點(diǎn)5. 考點(diǎn)6. 考點(diǎn)7. My favorite sport is playing football. 我最喜愛的運(yùn)動是踢足球。There is a bird sings in the tree. 有一只鳥正在樹上唱歌。The boy sits over there likes singing. 坐在那邊的那個男孩喜歡唱歌。The house was built last year has been sold out. 去年建的那座房子已經(jīng)出售了。The girls are singing over there are my classmates. 在那邊唱歌的那些女孩是我的同學(xué)。My parents wanted him work hard. 我父母親想讓他努力學(xué)習(xí)。I remember saw him
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