【正文】 list until less than 90 days before dialysis starts. Some risk factors for kidney disease such as age and genetic makeup are out of our control。 however, some changes in lifestyle may help prevent kidney damage. Two major risk factors for kidney disease, diabetes and high blood pressure, have been on the rise over the last few decades. Both conditions are chiefly affected by being overweight and not getting enough exercise, which are the potential factors for the disease.（1）The author gives the example of the house we live in to indicate that ________. A.it39。s safe and harmless for our body to keep some wasteB.it doesn39。t matter much if the waste in our body is not emptied in timeC.it39。s important for our body to empty the waste in time every dayD.our body will not produce any waste if our kidneys work efficiently（2）The underlined word insidious (in Paragraph 3) means ________. A.gradual and unnoticedB.apparent and fastC.smooth and safeD.painful and long（3）We can infer that when we find some symptoms related to our kidneys, ________. A.the kidney failure beginsB.the kidneys may have been seriously damagedC.we have lost about 10 percent of kidney functionD.the kidneys can still work properly（4）How many factors of kidney disease are mentioned in the passage? A.Three.B.Four.C.Five.D.Six.（5）Which of the following helps prevent kidney damage? A.Go to see a kidney specialist shortly before dialysis starts.B.Go to see a kidney specialist whenever you find any warning sign.C.Try to keep low blood pressure and a stable lifestyle.D.Take enough exercise and make early detection of kidney disease.【答案】 （1）C（2）A（3）B（4）D（5）D 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了腎臟出現(xiàn)問題的原因，以及巨大危害，分析了腎臟問題出現(xiàn)的重要因素，并指出如何預(yù)防腎病。 （1）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)一二段的內(nèi)容，以及第三段中的“This is a simple description of what happens to your body when your kidneys (腎) don39。t work efficiently.”可推斷，作者列舉家庭處理垃圾情況的主要目的是讓我們明白身體和家一樣需要及時(shí)處理垃圾，不然對(duì)身體有害。故選C。 （2）考查詞義猜測(cè)。根據(jù)第三段中的“Other areas of the body such as blood pressure and red blood cell production are affected and the insidious process that may lead to kidney failure begins.”和第四段中的“There may be no warning signs.”可知，腎功能的變化是由身體其它變化引起的，是一個(gè)漸變的過程，而且這個(gè)變化沒有任何警示，故推測(cè)劃線詞的意思是“逐漸的/慢慢的，無法察覺的”。故選A。 （3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第四段中的“It39。s not unmon for people to lose up to 90 percent of their kidney function before developing any symptoms. There may be no warning signs.”可知，90%的癥狀在被確診之前是看不出來的，而且沒有任何的預(yù)警，故推測(cè)當(dāng)人們發(fā)現(xiàn)腎病癥狀時(shí)，腎可能已經(jīng)嚴(yán)重受損。故選B。 （4）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)最后一段中的age and genetic makeup, diabetes and high blood pressure, overweight and not getting enough exercise,衰老，基因組成，糖尿病，高血壓，超重和不運(yùn)動(dòng),可知，這六項(xiàng)都是導(dǎo)致腎病的原因。故選D。 （5）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第四段中的“There may be no warning signs. This makes early detection(診察) difficult.” 和第六段中的“Both conditions are chiefly affected by being overweight and not getting enough exercise, which are the potential factors for the disease.”可推測(cè)，早期診察，做足夠的鍛煉可以預(yù)防腎損傷。故選D。 【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，詞義猜測(cè)和推理判斷三個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇醫(yī)學(xué)類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確掌握細(xì)節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，從而選出正確答案。8．閱讀理解 A great number of species make their home in the vast waters of the Atlantic Ocean. Although the entire ocean makes up an ecosystem, many smaller habitats are found within, including an openwater habitat off the coast of the Northern Atlantic Ocean known as the Sargasso Sea. Sargassum is an alga(海藻) that floats in masses that can continue for miles. The waters of the Gulf Stream push the water in a northward move into this area. This constant move and varying temperature support the accumulation of the browncolored seaweed. The Sargasso Sea is so enormous that one method of information collection has not been enough for scientists to obtain an accurate picture of what takes place within this ecosystem. Researchers have needed to employ several methods of sampling. Methods such as dragging nets over the surface of the water and videotaping beneath areas of sargassum have served scientists well. Information collected has shown that the Gulf Stream pushes brown algae from open water into the Sargasso Sea area, creating a diverse floating habitat in an area that would otherwise not support that wildlife. In the most recent study of the sargassum munity off the shores of North Carolina, eightyone fish species were documented as using the area as a microhabitat. This is an increase from previous studies. The types of fish found here are both mercially and environmentally important. The South Atlantic Fishery Management Council is working to regulate the harvesting of sargassum. The Council hopes to have the area classified as an Essential Fish Habitat. Which would afford it certain protections. Further research needs to be done before scientists understand how to best protect the Sargasso Sea as well as understand how it goes about supporting so many important types of wildlife.（1）The author uses enormous in paragraph 2 to stress that . A.the Atlantic Ocean is really amazing in terms of its size and areaB.what the researchers do is highly respected by scientific munityC.the research work is plex because a large area must be coveredD.a large amount of money for the Sargasso Sea research is needed（2）It can be inferred from the phrase needed to be done in paragraph 4 that the author thinks . Sargasso ecosystem is worth our attention and needs more study scientific munity has ignored this plex ecosystem Sargasso Sea is being a problem and needs removing methods for researching the ecosystem must be found instantly（3）The text is mainly about . of wildlife in the Atlantic Ocea