【正文】 hysical education.”不參加體育活動(dòng)的學(xué)生，把額外的時(shí)間用于課堂學(xué)習(xí)，在考試中的表現(xiàn)并不比那些為了支持體育而放棄一些學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)間的學(xué)生好。由此推斷出，根據(jù)PCFSN，做運(yùn)動(dòng)幫助學(xué)生在學(xué)習(xí)上做得更好。故選D。 （4）考查主旨大意。第一段中的“But should high school students have physical education? The answer is certainly ‘yes’.”但是中學(xué)生應(yīng)該接受體育教育嗎?答案當(dāng)然是肯定的，是全文的主題句，結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容，可知這篇文章主要講了為什么高中生應(yīng)該接受體育教育。故選A。 【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，詞義猜測(cè)，推理判斷和主旨大意四個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇教育類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。7．閱讀理解 Rumors(謠言): we39。ve all heard some and we39。ve all spread some. In more traditional times they shook entire families. Today, they circulate differently because the way we share information has also changed. The fact is that rumors have great potential to upset things, whether socially or personally. We don39。t enjoy being on the receiving end of one, since they usually don39。t have good intentions. They are somewhat veiled(掩飾的) messages. Normally rumors are oral messages: word of mouth. The paradox(自相矛盾) is that there is no evidence to support rumors, but the more people share it, the more they see it as true. To finish defining rumors, we think that they follow certain very clear laws. Secrecy: The source is unknown. There is also a proven phenomenon that human beings usually forget the source of a message before they forget its content. Certainty: We hardly question rumors simply because of the mental effort involved. On the other hand, no one likes to doubt a person who convinces us that the information they spread is true. Change: It acts like a tree. New rumors branch out to fill in the gaps left by the initial rumor. Another property of rumors is that they tend to bee viral. Each receiver is at the same time a potential transmitter of the information. The receiver often adds their own opinion. Their manner and tone of transmitting it also changes it. How can we end rumors? The answer is as simple as it is impossible: preventing people from municating. A more realistic response is equally difficult, although less than the first one. It is that we should be critical of the information we receive. We should ask ourselves if the source is reliable. Ask (if possible) the person you heard it from whether they also trust the information. We should also think about if the rumor benefits someone, and if that someone started the rumor. One rumor to be especially cautious of is a rumor about groups relatively unable to defend themselves. That39。s why we say, history is always told by the victors. The first payment the defeated must make is to accept the victor39。s version of the story.（1）What39。s the author39。s attitude towards rumors? ....（2）What can we learn about rumors? have all heard some and believed them.39。re happy to be the receiving end of them. may have negative influence on society. often hide good intentions in the messages.（3）How are rumors like trees? keep changing, just as trees change their color. are deeply rooted in reality, like tree roots in the earth. rumors have gaps, like the space between tree branches. rumors grow out of the original, like branches out of a trunk.（4）What does the underlined word viral in Paragraph 4 probably mean? easily spread acceptable easily defended. beneficial.（5）Which of the following may the author agree with? is easy to prevent people from spreading rumors. are often active in judging the rumors critically. should think about the hidden message of the rumors. told by the victors are usually better worth trusting.【答案】 （1）A（2）C（3）D（4）A（5）C 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇議論文，介紹了什么是謠言，謠言的危害，特點(diǎn)及怎樣避免謠言。 （1）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段中的“In more traditional times they shook entire families.”；第二段中的“The fact is that rumors have great potential to upset things, whether socially or personally.”；以及第四段中的“Another property of rumors is that they tend to bee viral.”等信息可知作者認(rèn)為謠言會(huì)對(duì)個(gè)人生活和社會(huì)造成混亂，作者對(duì)謠言是批評(píng)的態(tài)度。故選A。 （2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第二段中的“The fact is that rumors have great potential to upset things, whether socially or personally.”可知謠言會(huì)對(duì)個(gè)人生活和社會(huì)造成混亂，給社會(huì)帶來(lái)不良影響。故選C。 （3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段中的“Change: It acts like a tree. New rumors branch out to fill in the gaps left by the initial rumor.”把謠言比作樹，新謠言的出現(xiàn)填補(bǔ)了最初謠言留下的空白。這說(shuō)明新的謠言從原來(lái)的地方冒出來(lái)，就像樹枝從樹干冒出來(lái)一樣。故選D。 （4）考查詞義猜測(cè)。根據(jù)第四段中的“Each receiver is at the same time a potential transmitter of the information. The receiver often adds their own opinion. Their manner and tone of transmitting it also changes it.”可知每個(gè)接收者同時(shí)又是信息潛在的發(fā)送者。接收者通常還會(huì)添加自己的觀點(diǎn)或改變信息。這是在說(shuō)謠言的危害，像病毒一樣容易傳播。畫線的“viral”即指像病毒一樣容易傳播，故選A。 （5）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“It is that we should be critical of the information we receive. We should ask ourselves if the source is reliable. Ask (if possible) the person you heard it from whether they also trust the information. We should also think about if the rumor benefits someone, and if that someone started the rumor.”可知我們要理性對(duì)待謠言，核實(shí)信息的準(zhǔn)確性，可信度，評(píng)估對(duì)別人的影響，即考慮謠言的背后信息。故選C。 【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及詞義猜測(cè)和推理判斷兩個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇教育類閱讀，考生需要根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，從而選出正確答案。8．閱讀理解 Other people may have their own ideas about our lives. We can value their advice, but we don39。t have to take it to heart. Our parents have dreams for us. They want us to do well in school and to do whatever is necessary to reach our highest potential (潛力). Later in life, friends may try to set us up with their ideas of the perfect partner or the perfect job. People close to us may have ideas about how we should live our lives, ideas that usually e from love and the desire for us to be happy. Other times, they e from a place of need within them whether it is a parent who wants us to live out his or her dreams or a friend who wants us to play a good role. Whatever the case, we can appreciate and consider those people39。s advice, but ultimately we must follow our own guidance. There may e a time when all the suggestions can bee overbearing (專橫的). We may feel that the people we love don39。t agree on our judgment, which can hurt our feelings. It can affect the choices we make for our lives by making us doubt ourselves before we39。ve had a chance to decide what we want. We can tell our loved ones how much we appreciate their thoughts and ideas, but that we need to live our own lives and make our own decisions. We can explain that they need to let us learn from our own experiences. When they see that we are happy with our lives and the path we are taking to reach our goals, they can make sure that all we need them to do is to share in our