【正文】 s: orangutan, gorillas, chimpanzees and bonobos. The development of such behavioral differences likely played major roles in the evolution of the members of human lineage, being associated for instance with size and structure of social groups, brain development. However, getting insights into these behavioral changes from fossils that are millions of years old is a challenge and, so far, little evidence allow discussing nursing practices in these fossil species. The findings stress the need for further exploration of calcium stables isotopes positions in the fossil record in order to understand the coevolution of weaning practices with other traits such as brain size or social behaviors.（1）What do we know the findings of the team? A.It takes the lead in focusing on Practice weaning.B.It has disclosed the link between the weaning practice and other traits.C.It is evident that nursing practice is associated with behavioral changes.D.It39。s contemporary humans that spend more time breastfeeding their infants.（2）What does the underlined phrase such behavioral differences in Paragraph 7 most probably refer to? A.Differences in the calcium isotope in the teeth.B.Differences in the social structure of groups.C.Differences in the practice of weaning.D.Differences in the change of behaviors.（3）What does the passage mainly talk about? A.The evolution of human lineage.B.The possible influence of nursing behaviors.C.The exploration of positions in the fossil.D.The function of mother milk at the age of infants.【答案】 （1）A（2）C（3）B 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，通過對(duì)祖先牙齒化石的研究，科學(xué)家們發(fā)現(xiàn)第一批用母乳喂養(yǎng)嬰兒的人類比同時(shí)代的其他的近親在時(shí)間上要長(zhǎng)很多，而這種育幼差異可能在人類進(jìn)化中扮演了重要角色 ，比如大腦發(fā)育和社會(huì)群體方面。 （1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“The results, published in the journal Science Advances, provide a first insight into the practice of weaning ”可知這項(xiàng)研究結(jié)果發(fā)表在《科學(xué)進(jìn)展》雜志上，為斷奶行為提供了第一手資料，而這在化石記錄中是看不到的。故選A。 （2）考查句義猜測(cè)。根據(jù)第六段中的“The practice of weaning the duration of breastfeeding, age at nonmilk food introduction and the age at cessation of suckling differs among the modern members of the hominid family which includes humans and modern great apes: orangutan, gorillas, chimpanzees and bonobos.”可知現(xiàn)代人和古代人的斷奶行為不同，而且人類和猩猩以及猿猴在斷奶的時(shí)間上是不同的，即不同時(shí)代/不同物種的斷奶行為是有差異的，而畫線部分的such 就是指上文提到的內(nèi)容。故選C。 （3）考查主旨大意。根據(jù)第七段中的“The development of such behavioral differences … in the evolution of the members of human lineage, being associated for instance with size and structure of social groups, brain development.”可知，這種行為差異的發(fā)展可能在人類血統(tǒng)成員的進(jìn)化中扮演了重要角色，例如與社會(huì)群體的大小和結(jié)構(gòu)，大腦的發(fā)展有關(guān)。所以短文主要是關(guān)于育幼行為可能帶來的影響。故選B。 【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，句義猜測(cè)和主旨大意三個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇科研類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。8．閱讀理解 Darrell Blatchley, a marine biologist and environmentalist based in the Philippine city of Davao, received a call from the Philippines, Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources (漁業(yè)與水產(chǎn)資源局) early Friday morning reporting a death of a young whale. When the necropsy (尸檢) was performed, Blatchley told NPR, he was not prepared for the amount of plastic they found in the whale39。s stomach. It was full of plastic nothing but nonstop plastic. he said It was filled to the point that its stomach was as hard as a baseball. That means that this animal has been suffering not for days or weeks but for months or even a year or more, Blatchley added. Blatchley is the founder and owner of the D39。Bone Collector Museum, a natural history museum in Davao. In the ing days, the museum will display all the items found in the whale39。s system. Blatchley and his team work with the Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources and other organizations to assist in rescue and recovery of marine animals. Within the last 10 years, we have recovered 61 whales and dolphins just within the Davao Gulf, he said. Of them, 57 have died due to man whether they took plastic or fishing nets or other waste, or gotten caught in pollution — and four were pregnant. Blatchley said he hoped that the latest incident would launch the issue of plastic pollution in the Philippines and across the globe. If we keep going this way, it will be more unmon to see an animal die of natural causes than it is to see an animal die of plastic, he said.（1）What can he inferred from the second paragraph? A.The whale was starved to death.B.Blatchley was shocked at what he found.C.The dead whale must have swallowed a baseball.D.Blatchley didn39。t make preparations for the necropsy.（2）What will be shown in the D39。Bone Collector Museum? A.Waste collected from the ocean.B.The whole system of the whale.C.Things found in the whale39。s body.D.Many different tools of whaling.（3）What does Blatchley think of plastic pollution in the Philippines? A.Unmon.B.Worrying.C.Inspiring.D.Mild.（4）What is the best title for the text? A.A Whale Found Dead of PlasticB.Stand Up for Protecting WhalesC.Plastic Threatening Our ExistenceD.Natural Death or Merciless Murder【答案】 （1）B（2）C（3）B（4）A 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇記敘文，一只鯨魚因吞食大量的塑料而死亡，這引發(fā)了人們對(duì)海洋塑料污染的擔(dān)憂。 （1）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第二段中的“he was not prepared for the amount of plastic they found in the whale39。s stomach”可知，布拉奇利在鯨魚的胃里發(fā)現(xiàn)了大量的塑料，他對(duì)此毫無準(zhǔn)備，這是他意想不到的，由此可知，布拉奇利對(duì)他的發(fā)現(xiàn)感到震驚，故選B。 （2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的“In the ing days, the museum will display all the items found in the whale39。s system.”可知，在鯨魚體內(nèi)發(fā)現(xiàn)的東西將在這座自然博物館中展出，故選C。 （3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的“If we keep going this way, it will be more unmon to see an animal die of natural causes than it is to see an animal die of plastic,”可知，布拉奇利說如果我們繼續(xù)這樣下去，動(dòng)物因吃塑料死亡的情況比自然死亡更為常見，由此可知，他對(duì)菲律賓的塑料污染很擔(dān)憂，故選B。 （4）考查主旨大意?？v觀全文可知，本文主要講述了一只鯨魚因吞食大量的塑料而死亡，這引發(fā)了人們對(duì)塑料污染的擔(dān)憂，故選A。 【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，推理判斷和主旨大意三個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇環(huán)保類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從