【正文】 to relate their subject to wider developments in society. According to historian Catherine Gallagher, the potato was once a matter of great argument. Supporters pointed out that it could grow cheaply and easily and help feed the poor. Opponents said that this would lead to the poor being more powerful, since they did not have to spend every hour working to feed themselves. It seems that European socialism started with an argument about vegetables. British historian Colin Jones wants us to look at pictures painted hundreds of years ago. He wants us to notice the fact that nobody smiles in these pictures. Compare that with today, when everyone smiles for the camera and refusing to smile is seen as an unfriendly act. It is all because of dentistry, he says. Once people were able to look after their teeth, they began to smile and the world became a happier place. Whether stories like this are true or not, they put ordinary people at the center of history. Most of us are not going to change the world in a big way. But we might be able to do something that makes life a bit easier for other people. And maybe one day a historian will e along and write the story. It is something to get excited about, though perhaps not very excited.（1）Why does the author tell you to try thinking great thoughts when your feet hurt? A.To show the ordinary is necessary.B.To show history is created by the unknown.C.To show great thoughts are unnecessary.D.To show greatness es from the ordinary.（2）What was the most important thing about the argument about the potato? A.It helped the poor to feed themselves.B.It helped to spend less money on food.C.It brought about a struggle against the rich.D.It led to great changes in society.（3）Why didn39。t people smile in pictures painted hundreds of years ago? A.They lived a hard life.B.Their teeth looked terrible.C.They were not friendly.D.They preferred to look serious.（4）What is mainly discussed in the text? A.The ways to make life easier.B.The importance of the ordinary in history.C.The increasing interest in microhistory.D.Unknown people who invented small things.【答案】 （1）A（2）D（3）B（4）B 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇議論文。論述了關(guān)注社會中普通人的重要性。 （1）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段中的“All the ordinary decisions we make and ordinary things we do are society in action.”及第二段中的“But has he been of more benefit to humanity than the unknown person who invented the first really fortable shoe? Try thinking great thoughts when your feet hurt.”可知第一個發(fā)明舒適的鞋的未知人的重要性。作者以此來印證普通人和普通人的想法的重要性。故選A。 （2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段中的“According to historian Catherine Gallagher, the potato was once a matter of great argument. ”以及“ It seems that European socialism started with an argument about vegetables.” 可知作者在文中提到了potato,而恰恰是對potato的討論帶來了社會的變革。故選D。 （3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段中的“It is all because of dentistry, he says. Once people were able to look after their teeth, they began to smile and the world became a happier place”可推斷當(dāng)人們會照料自己的牙齒的時候,人們才敢笑,這表明在此之前人不敢笑,是因為他們的牙齒很糟糕。故選B。 （4）考查主旨大意。本文主題為The importance of the ordinary in history,（歷史中普通人的重要性）各段落緊扣主題內(nèi)容,論證了作者在本文中的觀點普通人是很重要的。故選B。 【點評】本題考點涉及推理判斷和主旨大意兩個題型的考查，是一篇教育類閱讀，要求考生根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。9．閱讀短文，從每題所給的四個選項（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項。 New study shows that when teachers participate in a training program focused on prosocial (親社會的) classroom behavior, their students are better able to control their emotions, and that children who can regulate emotions are more likely to be academically successful. For the study, which appears in Prevention Science, researchers looked at more than 100 teachers and 1,817 students from kindergarten to third grade to see if teachers could support students39。 emotional and behavioral growth through the Incredible Years Teacher Classroom Management (IYTCM) program. The program uses videos and training sessions, along with roleplaying and coaching, to help teachers learn management skills such as using behaviorspecific praise, building positive relationships with students, and considering how to reduce poor behavior. Teachers in the training group increased interactions with students by 64 percent pared with 53 percent for teachers in the control group without the training. Emotional regulation is the ability to recognize what behavior is appropriate in the present situation, says Wendy Reinke, professor in the College of Education at the University of Missouri. For example, a student might have difficulty controlling the feeling of anger if he or she bees annoyed with another student. But under this program, the teacher encourages them to move to a different spot in the classroom, effectively teaching them that sometimes stepping away and taking a break is a good way to calm down and manage8ha8feeling. After one school year of using the program in classrooms, students improved their social ability and ability to regulate their emotions. These improvements resulted in an increase in the tests for students in Incredible Years classrooms vs. students in control classrooms. And this classroom management approach can help reduce the risk for struggling learners early on, which could help prevent more accumulative support needs in a child39。s future.（1）What do the teachers do in the IYTCM program? A.Learn how to identify poor behavior.B.Offer the researchers advice on emotional control.C.Take care of kids from kindergarten to third grade.D.Apply different ways to learning how to manage kids.（2）What do Wendy Reinke39。s words suggest in Para. 4? A.Now it is hard for students to control their anger.B.A calm manner is an effective way to handle problems.C.Few can realize their behavior is unfit for a situation.D.The program will show how to handle troublesome kids.（3）What is the author39。s attitude towards the training program?