【正文】 childhood and we will never get another.”可知作者想讓她的女兒有一個快樂的童年，故選D。 （4）考查主旨大意。作者通過和女兒相處的一件小事，有感而發(fā)，覺得童年只有一個，從而要讓女兒過一個快樂的童年，故選A。 【點評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解，推理判斷和主旨大意三個題型的考查，是一篇人生感悟類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。7．閱讀理解 We can achieve knowledge either actively or passively. We achieve it actively by direct experience, by testing and proving an idea, or by reasoning. We achieve knowledge passively by being told by someone else. Most of the learning that takes place in the classroom and the kind that happens when we watch TV or read newspapers or magazines is passive. We are used to passive learning, and it39。s not surprising that we depend on it in our everyday munication with friends and coworkers. Unfortunately, passive learning has a serious problem. It makes us tend to accept what we are told even when it is little more than hearsay and rumor. Did you ever play the game Rumor? It begins when one person writes down a message but doesn39。t show it to anyone. Then the person whispers it, word for word, to another person. That person, in turn, whispers it to still another, and so on, through all the people playing the game. The last person writes down the message word for word as he or she hears it. Then the two written statements are pared. Typically, the original message has changed. That39。s what happens in daily life. The simple fact that people repeat a story in their own words changes the story. Then, too, most people listen to improve on it, stamping(打上標記) it with their own personal style. Yet those who hear it think they know. This process is also found among scholars and authors: A statement of opinion by one writer may be restated as fact by another, who may in turn be quoted by yet another。 and this process may continue, unless it occurs to someone to question the facts on which the original writer based his opinion or to challenge the interpretation he placed upon those facts.（1）According to the passage, what situation may passive learning occur in? A.Doing a medical experimentB.Solving a math problemC.Visiting an exhibitionD.Doing scientific reasoning（2）What does the underlined word it in Paragraph 2 refers to? A.Active learningB.KnowledgeC.CommunicationD.Passive learning（3）Why does the author mentions the game Rumor? A.To show that a message may be changed when being passed on.B.To show that a message should be delivered in different ways.C.To show that people may have problems with their sense of hearing.D.To show that people tend not to believe in what they know as rumor.（4）What can we infer from the passage? A.Active learning is less important.B.Passive learning may not be reliable.C.Active learning occurs more frequently.D.Passive learning is not found among scholars.【答案】 （1）C（2）D（3）A（4）B 【解析】【分析】短文大意：本文主要主要介紹了被動獲得知識所存在的一個嚴重的問題——被告知的可能是謠言。并用現(xiàn)實生活中簡單的事說明。 （1）推理判斷題。由文章第二段we achieve knowledge passively by being told by some of the learning that takes place in the classroom and the kind that happens when we watch TV of read newspaper or magazines is passive可知被動學習是通過別人告訴獲取知識，而A做實驗；B解決數(shù)學問題；D做科學推理都是主動學習，故選C。 （2）推理判斷題。根據(jù)it 所在句We are used to passive learning, and it39。s not surprising that we depend on it in our everyday munication with friends and coworkers可知這我們依賴的是前句所提的被動學習，故選D。 （3）推理判斷題。通過第三段最后一句Typically, the original message has ，信息原始的意思已經(jīng)改變了。和第二段最后一句話It makes us tend to accept what we are told even when it is little more than hearsay and ，有時候甚至是傳聞或者謠言。可知文章想要告訴我們信息在傳遞的過程中發(fā)生了變化。故選A。 （4）推理判斷題。A、C兩個選項說的是主動學習，文中沒有提到，D選項說被動學習在學者中不會出現(xiàn)，這和最后一段第一句This process is also found among scholars and authors不符合，而根據(jù)第二段和第三段可知人們傳遞信息到最后時，信息的原始意思已經(jīng)改變了，故得出被動學習不可靠，故選B。 【點評】考查閱讀理解。本文涉及推理判斷題，需要聯(lián)系上下文，推斷出所需要的信息，也可以利用排除法，根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，排除錯誤選項。8．閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。 One evening in February 2007, a student named Paula Ceely brought her car to a stop on a remote road in Wales. She got out to open a metal gate that blocked her path. That39。s when she heard the whistle sounded by the driver of a train. Her Renault Clio was parked across a railway line. Seconds later, she watched the train drag her car almost a kilometre down the railway tracks. Ceely39。s near miss made the news because she blamed it on her GPS device. She had never driver the route before. It was dark and raining heavily. Ceely was relying on her GPS, but it made no mention of the crossing. I put my plete trust in the device and it led me right into the path of a speeding train, she told the BBC. Who is to blame here? Rick Stevenson, who tells Ceely39。s story in his book When Machines Fail Us, points the finger at the limitations of technology. We put our faith in digital devices, he says, but our digital helpers are too often not up to the job. They are filled with small problems. And it39。s not just GPS devices: Stevenson takes us on a tour of digital disasters involving everything from mobile phones to wireless keyboards. The problem with his argument in the book is that it39。s not clear why he only focuses on digital technology, while there may be a number of other possible causes. A mapmaker might have left the crossing off a paper map. Maybe we should blame Ceely for not paying attention. Perhaps the railway authorities are at fault for poor signaling system. Or maybe someone has studied the relative dangers and worked out that there really is something specific wrong with the GPS equipment. But Stevenson doesn39。t say. It39。s a problem that runs through the book. In a section on cars, Stevenson gives an account of the advanced techniques that criminals use to defeat puterbased locking systems for cars. He offers two independent sets of figures