【正文】 0。D.When a door shuts, a window opens.（3）Which of the following will Dr. Vohs probably agree with? A.More virtue exists in organized people.B.Creativity results from tidiness and discipline.C.Disorderly surroundings help to create new ideas.D.Workers39。 good habits guarantee the success of a project.（4）What can we conclude from the study results? A.The naturally neat people tend to be very creative.B.A messy office will cause quite low working efficiency.C.Environments can affect people39。s way of thinking and behavior.D.People39。s personalities are determined by their working environments.【答案】 （1）B（2）A（3）C（4）C 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了一項研究人類行為與環(huán)境相關(guān)的實驗，實驗結(jié)果表明無序混亂的環(huán)境可能更容易激發(fā)人們打破傳統(tǒng)，產(chǎn)生新的見解。同時研究人員建議如果你需要在未來的項目中跳出框框思考，那就讓雜亂的東西堆積起來，釋放你的想象力。但如果你的主要目標(biāo)是吃得好或去健身房，那就先在辦公室里收拾一下。 （1）考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)第一段中的“Not surprisingly, they have found that people blessed with innate conscientiousness, meaning that they are organized and predictable, typically eat better and live longer than people who are disorderly. They also tend to have…”不出所料，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，天生有自覺性的人，也就是有條理、可預(yù)測的人，通常比那些不守規(guī)矩的人吃得更好，活得更久。可推知天生有自覺性有條理的人，他們也更有傾向于擁有整潔的辦公室。故劃線單詞意思為整潔的。故選B。 （2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第四段中的“The broken window theory, proposed decades ago, holds that even slight disorder and neglect can encourage indifference and poor discipline.”幾十年前提出的破窗理論認為，即使是輕微的混亂和忽視也會助長冷漠和缺乏紀(jì)律。可推知混亂產(chǎn)生混亂最能解釋破窗理論。故選A。 （3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的Disorderly environments seem to inspire breaking free of tradition, Dr. Vohs and her coauthors conclude in the study, which can produce fresh insights.無序的環(huán)境似乎激發(fā)了人們打破傳統(tǒng)，沃斯博士和她的合著者在研究中總結(jié)道，這可以產(chǎn)生新的見解?？赏浦炙共┦靠赡軙怆s亂的環(huán)境有助于創(chuàng)造新想法。故選C。 （4）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的’My advice would be, if you need to think outside the box for a future project‘, Dr. Vohs says,’then let the clutter rise and free your imagination. But if your primary goal is to eat well or to go to the gym, pick up around your office first. By doing this, the naturally messy can acquire some of the discipline of the conscientious.‘沃斯博士說:我的建議是，如果你需要在未來的項目中跳出框框思考，那就讓雜亂的東西堆積起來，釋放你的想象力。但如果你的主要目標(biāo)是吃得好或去健身房，那就先在辦公室里收拾一下。通過這樣做，天生邋遢的人可以獲得一些自覺的紀(jì)律?？赏浦覀兡軓难芯拷Y(jié)果中得出結(jié)論，環(huán)境可以影響人們的思維方式和行為方式。故選C。 【點評】本題考點涉及詞義猜測和推理判斷兩個題型的考查，是一篇科研類閱讀，要求考生根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進行分析，推理，從而選出正確答案。7．閱讀短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。 The world39。s insects are going down the path of extinction, threatening a catastrophic collapse of nature39。s ecosystems, according to the first global scientific review. More than 40％of insect species are declining and third are endangered, the analysis found. The rate of extinction is eight times faster than that of mammals, birds and reptiles. It should be of huge concern to all of us, for insects are at the heart of every food web. They pollinate (授粉) the large majority of plant species, keep the soil healthy, recycle nutrients, control pests, and much more. Love them or 1oathe them, we humans cannot survive without insects, said Prof Dave Goulson at the University of Sussex in the UK. The analysis, published in the journal Biological Conservation, says intensive (集約型) agriculture is the main driver of the declines, particularly the heavy use of pesticides. Urbanisation and climate change are also significant factors. If insect species losses cannot be stopped, this will have catastrophic consequences for both the planet39。s ecosystems and for the survival of mankind. It is very rapid. In 10 years you will have a quarter less, in 50 years only half left and in 100 years you will have none, said review author Francisco S225。nchezBayo, at the University of Sydney, Australia. One of the biggest impacts of insect loss is on many birds, reptiles, amphibians and fish that eat insects. If this food source is taken away, all these animals starve to death, he said. Such effects have already been seen in Puerto Rico, where a recent study revealed a 98％fall in ground insects over 35 years. Matt Shardlow, at the conservation charity Buglife, said: It is thoughtful to see this evidence that shows the pitiful state of the world39。s insect populations. It is increasingly obvious that the planet39。s ecology is breaking and there is a need for a strong and global effort to prevent and change these terrible trends.（1）Why are people worried about the insect decline? A.They are vital to ecosystems.B.They provide food for pests.C.They pollinate all plants.D.They enrich the soil.（2）What is the main cause of insect losses? A.More and more trees.B.Restrictions on pesticides.C.Upgrading agriculture.D.Friendly environment.（3）Where can you find the exact time of insect losses? A.In paragraph 1.B.In paragraph 2.C.In paragraph 3.D.In paragraph 4.（4）What can be a suitable title for the text? A.Humans can survive the punishment of natureB.Insect declining is breaking nature39。s ecosystemsC.Nature39。s ecosystems are influenced by humansD.Insects and animals are dying out in Puerto Rico【答案】 （1）A（2）C（3）D（4）B 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，昆蟲數(shù)量的減少正在破壞自然生態(tài)系統(tǒng)。 （1）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的“The world39。s insects are going down the path of extinction, threatening a ‘catastrophic collapse of nature39。s ecosystems’.”可知，人們之所以擔(dān)心昆蟲數(shù)量的減少，是因為他們對生態(tài)系統(tǒng)至關(guān)重要。故選A。 （2）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的“The analysis, published in the journal Biological Conservation, says intensive (集約型) agriculture is the main driver of the declines, particularly the heavy use of pesticides.”發(fā)表在《生物保護》雜志上的分析說集約農(nóng)業(yè)是昆蟲下降的主要驅(qū)動力，尤其是大量使用農(nóng)藥。故選C。 （3）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第四段中的“In 10 years you will have a quarter less, in 50 years only half left and in 100 years you will have none.”可知在第四段中可以找到昆蟲損失的確切時間。故選D。 （4）考查主旨大意。根據(jù)最后一段中的It is thoughtful to see this evidence that shows the pitiful state of the world39。s insect populations. It is increasingly obvious that the planet39。s ecology is breaking and there is a need for a strong and global effort to prevent and change these terrible trends.看到這些顯示世界昆蟲種群的可憐狀態(tài)的證據(jù)是發(fā)人深思的。越來越明顯的是，地球的生態(tài)正受到破壞,為了預(yù)防和改變這些可怕的趨勢，需要一個強大和全球的努力。由此推知，本文最佳主題是B項Insect declining is breaking nature39。s ecosystems（昆蟲數(shù)量的減少正在破壞自然生態(tài)系統(tǒng)）。故選B。 【點評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解和主旨大意兩個題型的考查，是一篇環(huán)保類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確捕捉細節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文進行概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。8．閱讀短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。 Your next Saturday night takeaway could be brought to you by