【正文】 ggle in 1960 with the formation of the military wing of the anc, umkhonto we sizwe, was a purely defensive action against the violence of apartheid. the factors which necessitated the armed struggle still exist today. we have no option but to continue. we express the hope that a climate conducive to a negotiated settlement will be created soon so that there may no longer be the need for the armed , strategies, and , i feel duty?bound to make the point that a leader of the movement is a person who has been democratically elected at a national conference. this is a principle which must be upheld without any , i wish to report to you that my talks with the government have been aimed at normalizing the political situation in the country. we have not as yet begun discussing the basic demands of the struggle. i wish to stress that i myself have at no time entered into negotiations about the future of our country except to insist on a meeting between the anc and the has gone further than any other nationalist president in taking real steps to normalize the situation. however, there are further steps, as outlined in the harare declaration, that have to be met before negotiations on the basic demands of our people can begin. i reiterate our call for, inter alia, the immediate ending of the state of emergency and the freeing of all, and not only some, political prisoners. only such a normalized situation, which allows for free political activity, can allow us to consult our people in order to obtain a mandate. the people need to be consulted on who will negotiate and on the content of such negotiations. negotiations cannot take place 。 negotiations cannot take place above the heads or behind the backs of our people. it is our belief that the future of our country can only be determined by a body which is democratically elected on a non?racial basis. negotiations on the dismantling of apartheid will have to address the overwhelming demands of our people for a democratic, non?racial and unitary south africa. there must be an end to white monopoly on political power and a fundamental restructuring of our political and economic systems to ensure that the inequalities of apartheid are addressed and our society thoroughly , we base our policy and strategy on the harsh reality we are faced with. and this reality is that we are still suffering under the policies of the nationalist , so that the process towards democracy is rapid and uninterrupted. we have waited too long for our freedom. we can no longer wait. now is the time to intensify the struggle on all fronts. to relax our efforts now would be a mistake which generations to e will not be able to ? role in a united democratic and non?racial south africa is the only way to peace and racial harmony. in conclusion, i wish to quote my own words during my trial in 1964. they are as true today as they were then. i spoke: i have fought against white domination and i have fought against black domination. i have cherished the ideal of a democratic and free society in which all persons live together in harmony and 。 and with equal opportunities. it is an ideal which i hope to live for and to achieve. but if needs be, it is an ideal for which i am prepared to die.
　　我國各個團體和我國人民的大規(guī)模反抗等運動只有在民主制度的確立中才能達到高峰。種族隔離制度給我們這片次大陸造成了難以估量的破壞。我們成千上萬人的家庭生活遭到了毀壞。幾百萬人流離失所，沒有工作。我們的經(jīng)濟遭到嚴(yán)重破壞，我們的人民卷入了政治沖突。我們在1960年訴諸武裝斗爭，建立了非洲人民國民大會的戰(zhàn)斗組織?！?。民族之矛”。，這純屬為反抗種族隔離制度的暴力而采取的自衛(wèi)行動。過去那些要求我們必須進行武裝斗爭的種種因素在今天依然存在，因此除了繼續(xù)進行武裝斗爭外我們別無選擇。我們希望，不久將會出現(xiàn)一種有利于通過談判解決問題的局面，這樣就可以刀槍入庫馬放南山了。我是非洲人國民大會忠于職守、遵守紀(jì)律的一員。因此，我完全贊同它所提出的所有目標(biāo)、戰(zhàn)略和戰(zhàn)術(shù)。和以往一樣，現(xiàn)在的重要任務(wù)是把我國人民團結(jié)起來。任何個別領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人都無法獨自肩負起這個重擔(dān)。作為領(lǐng)袖，我們的任務(wù)是向我們的組織闡明觀點，并允許通過民主機制來決定我們前進的方向。對于實行民主問題，我感到有責(zé)任強調(diào)一點，即民主運動的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人要由全國大會通過民主選舉而產(chǎn)生，這是一條必須堅持且不能破例的原則。今天，我愿意向你們報告一下，我同政府進行一系列會談的目的一直是讓我國的政治局勢正常化。迄今為止我們還沒有開始討論本次斗爭的基本要求。我愿意強調(diào)一下，就我國的未來前途，我除了堅持要求在非國大和政府之間進行磋商以外，本人決不會介入和政府的談判。在采取切實可行的措施使局勢正?；矫妫??？死湛讼壬热魏我晃幻褡逯髁x總統(tǒng)走得都遠。但是就如同《哈拉雷宣言》規(guī)劃的那樣，在就我們?nèi)嗣竦幕拘枰归_談判之前，我們還有更多措施需要實施。其中，我特別強調(diào)，我們要求立即結(jié)束緊急狀態(tài)并釋放所有而不是一部分政治犯。只有在一個允許人們自由從事政治活動的正常化的環(huán)境里，我們才得以和人民商議以便取得人民的授權(quán)。在誰將參與談判以及談判內(nèi)容上，我們都需要和人民商議。談判不能。談判不能凌駕于我國人民之上或背著人民進行。我們相信，我國的未來只能由一個在不分膚色的基礎(chǔ)上通過民主選舉而產(chǎn)生的機構(gòu)來決定。消滅種族隔離制度的談判必須滿足我國人民的壓倒一切的要求，即建立一個民主的、不分種族的和統(tǒng)一的南非。由白人壟斷政治權(quán)力的狀況必須結(jié)束，還必須從根本上重建我國的政治制度和經(jīng)濟制度，以便確保種族隔離制度產(chǎn)生的不平等問題得到解決，并保證我們的社會徹底實現(xiàn)民主。有一點必須另加說明，就是德。克勒克先生本人是一個正直之人，他準(zhǔn)確認識到，一個公眾人物如不履行其職責(zé)必將帶來后患。但是作為一個組織，我們基于我們所面臨的嚴(yán)酷現(xiàn)實來制定我們的政策和策略，這個嚴(yán)酷現(xiàn)實就是我們依然在民族主義政府的政策下苦苦掙扎。我們的斗爭已經(jīng)到了關(guān)鍵性時刻。我們呼吁人民要抓住這個時機，以便加快我們的民主進程并不使其中斷。對于自由我們等待得太久。我們不能再等了?，F(xiàn)在是我們在各條戰(zhàn)線上加強斗爭的時候了。 現(xiàn)在我們?nèi)舴潘膳㈣T成大錯，我們的子孫后代將不會原諒我們。地平線上出現(xiàn)一抹自由的曙光，這曙光會激勵我們加倍努力。只有通過有紀(jì)律的群眾運動，我們的勝利才有保障。我們呼吁白人同胞加入到我們塑造一個新南非的行列中來。自由運動也是你們的政治家園。我們呼吁國際社會繼續(xù)孤立這個實行種族隔離制度的政府。取消對這個政府的制裁就等于冒險，而這種冒險可能會導(dǎo)致根除族隔離制度的進程流產(chǎn)。我們邁向自由的步伐不會逆轉(zhuǎn)。我們絕不允許讓畏懼擋住我們前進的道路。按照選民共同的職責(zé)，在民主統(tǒng)一且不分種族的南非實行普選，是通向和平與種族和諧的唯一途徑。最后，我想引用一段我在1964年受審時說過的話。這段話在當(dāng)時是正確的，在今天依然正確。我說：我為反對白人統(tǒng)治而斗爭，也為反對黑人統(tǒng)治而斗爭。我珍視有一個民主和自由社會的理想，在這個社會里，人人和睦相處，機會均等。我為這個理想而生，并希望實現(xiàn)這個理想。但是如果需要，我也準(zhǔn)備為這個理想而死。
南非總統(tǒng)祖馬就曼德拉去世英語演講稿 2020總統(tǒng)演講稿（4） 　　my fellow south africans,
　　our beloved nelson rolihlahla mandela, the founding president of our democratic nation has departed.
　　he passed on peacefully in the pany of his family around 20h50 on the 5th of december XX.
　　he is now resting. he is now at peace.
　　our nation has lost its greatest son. our people have lost a father.
　　although we knew that this day would e, nothing can diminish(減少) our sense of a profound and enduring loss.
　　his tireless struggle for freedom earned him the respect of the world.
　　his humility, his passion, and his humanity earned him their love. our thoughts and prayers are with the mandela family. to them we owe a debt of gratitude.
　　they have sacrificed much and endured much so that our people could be free.
　　our thoughts are with his wife mrs graca machel, his former wife ms winnie madikizelamandela, with his children, his grandchildren, his great grandchildren and the entire family.
　　our thoughts are with his friends, rades and colleagues who fought alongside madiba over the course of a lifetime of struggle.
　　our thoughts are with the south african people who today mourn the loss of the one pe